[python] 2、python使用pyaudio进行录音，及其在python虚拟环境virtualenv中安装遇到的问题

1、pyaudio安装大背景

最近在做智能音箱，需要编写声音拾取代码，我先是百度两篇比较常见的用python进行录音的操作的文章：

• python写一个录音小程序：http://blog.csdn.net/yexiaohhjk/article/details/73132562
• 利用百度语言识别API实现语音识别python：http://blog.csdn.net/yexiaohhjk/article/details/73134815

发现需要用到pyaudio，然后在其官网找到如何安装：http://people.csail.mit.edu/hubert/pyaudio/

但是，在py虚拟环境中通过pip安装会报错，而采用sudo apt-get install python-pyaudio python3-pyaudio安装没有报错，但是在虚拟环境中不行。

注：全局安装不适用于python虚拟环境中，python虚拟环境和全局环境互不影响。

2、解决python虚拟环境中安装pyaudio走过的坑

坑一：utbutu16.10 安装pyaudio模块过程出现错误 fatal error: portaudio.h: 没有那个文件或目录 error: command 'x86_64-linux-gn

尝试：http://blog.csdn.net/hellodrawing/article/details/60868939，发现没用

坑二：安装pyaudio找不到portaudio.h的问题

尝试：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_23729557/article/details/78956602，发现无用

 ➜  ~  sudo apt-get install portaudio19-dev python-all-dev python3-all-dev
 Reading package lists... Done
 Building dependency tree
 Reading state information... Done
 python-all-dev is already the newest version (2.7.-2ubuntu1).
 The following additional packages will be installed:
   jackd1 jackd1-firewire libasound2-dev libjack-dev libjack0 libportaudiocpp0 libpython3-all-dev libzita-alsa-pcmi0 libzita-resampler1 python3-all uuid-dev
 Suggested packages:
   jack-tools meterbridge libasound2-doc portaudio19-doc
 The following packages will be REMOVED:
   jackd2 jackd2-firewire libjack-jackd2-
 The following NEW packages will be installed:
   jackd1 jackd1-firewire libasound2-dev libjack-dev libjack0 libportaudiocpp0 libpython3-all-dev libzita-alsa-pcmi0 libzita-resampler1 portaudio19-dev python3-all python3-all-dev uuid-dev
  upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
 Need to get  B/ kB of archives.
 After this operation, , kB of additional disk space will be used.
 Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
 Preconfiguring packages ...
 dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'emacsen-common' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
 (Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
 Removing jackd2-firewire (1.9.+20150825git1ed50c92~dfsg-5ubuntu1) ...
 dpkg: jackd2: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
  jackd depends on jackd2 | jackd1; however:
   Package jackd2 is to be removed.
   Package jackd1 is not installed.

 Removing jackd2 (1.9.+20150825git1ed50c92~dfsg-5ubuntu1) ...
 dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'emacsen-common' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
 (Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
 Preparing to unpack .../jackd1_1%3a0.125.0-2_amd64.deb ...
 Unpacking jackd1 (:0.125.-) ...
 dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/jackd1_1%3a0.125.0-2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
  trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjackserver.so.0', which is also in package libjack-jackd2-:amd64 1.9.+20150825git1ed50c92~dfsg-5ubuntu1
 Errors were encountered while processing:
  /var/cache/apt/archives/jackd1_1%3a0.125.0-2_amd64.deb
 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code ()
 ➜  ~  

操作log

坑三：Installing pyaudio with pip in a virtualenv

尝试：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35708238/installing-pyaudio-with-pip-in-a-virtualenv，在操作时，安装一个东西会报错！！！

3、最终解决方案

• 首先在virtualenv中安装pyaudio安装失败，搜索下说要先安装portaudio19-dev：

　　https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35708238/installing-pyaudio-with-pip-in-a-virtualenv

• 安装portaudio19-dev失败，搜索说缺少依赖（依赖版本不对），因此要安装sudo apt-get install jackd2

　　https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1680154

• 之后在虚拟环境中安装(du_tts_stt) ➜ ~ pip install pyaudio，出现因SOCK proxy导致有问题，关闭所有翻墙的服务，重启电脑再次安装OK

　 （真是费劲呀，哈哈哈）

之后调用官方的一些demo ：http://people.csail.mit.edu/hubert/pyaudio/运行有效果，但是有警告（可以忽略）

4、官方简单DEMO

官方一个简单的录音3S的DEMO：

 """PyAudio example: Record a few seconds of audio and save to a WAVE file."""

 import pyaudio
 import wave

 CHUNK = 1024
 FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
 CHANNELS = 1
 RATE = 8000
 RECORD_SECONDS = 3
 WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME = "output.wav"

 p = pyaudio.PyAudio()

 stream = p.open(format=FORMAT,
                 channels=CHANNELS,
                 rate=RATE,
                 input=True,
                 frames_per_buffer=CHUNK)

 print("* recording")

 frames = []

 for i in range(0, int(RATE / CHUNK * RECORD_SECONDS)):
     data = stream.read(CHUNK)
     frames.append(data)

 print("* done recording")

 stream.stop_stream()
 stream.close()
 p.terminate()

 wf = wave.open(WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME, 'wb')
 wf.setnchannels(CHANNELS)
 wf.setsampwidth(p.get_sample_size(FORMAT))
 wf.setframerate(RATE)
 wf.writeframes(b''.join(frames))
 wf.close()

官方一个播放上述录制音频的DEMO：

 """PyAudio Example: Play a WAVE file."""

 import pyaudio
 import wave
 import sys

 CHUNK = 1024

 if len(sys.argv) < 2:
     print("Plays a wave file.\n\nUsage: %s filename.wav" % sys.argv[0])
     sys.exit(-1)

 wf = wave.open(sys.argv[1], 'rb')

 p = pyaudio.PyAudio()

 stream = p.open(format=p.get_format_from_width(wf.getsampwidth()),
                 channels=wf.getnchannels(),
                 rate=wf.getframerate(),
                 output=True)

 data = wf.readframes(CHUNK)

 while data != '':
     stream.write(data)
     data = wf.readframes(CHUNK)

 stream.stop_stream()
 stream.close()

 p.terminate()

参考链接

• 1. python写一个录音小程序
• 2. 利用百度语言识别API实现语音识别python
• 3. pyaudio官网

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