我现在在做一个叫《leetbook》的免费开源书项目,力求提供最易懂的中文思路,目前把解题思路都同步更新到gitbook上了,需要的同学可以去看看
书的地址:https://hk029.gitbooks.io/leetbook/

012. Integer to Roman[M]

问题

Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

思路

分析罗马数字的规律:

Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1,000

上面是罗马数字所有的符号。
罗马数字的规则:
一般情况下,从左到右从大到小排,字母代表的数字累加。
比如:

XII = 12
MDCCLXVI= 1000+500+100+100+50+10+5+1

但是有特殊情况,就是,如果数字的范围在大数减小数的范围内,则会出现小数在大数前面的情况,代表(大数-小数)

IV = 5-1
IX= 10 - 1 = 9
XL = 50-10 = 40

Symbol Value
IV 4
IX 9
XL 40
XC 90
CD 400
CM 900

思路1——循环

一旦把所有可能的情况符号情况都列举出来了,就好做了。
我们现在拿到一个数N

  1. 我们就去表里面找不超过它的最大的数x,
  2. 然后把它入我们的输出字符串中,然后将数N-=x,
  3. 继续执行这个操作,直到N=0
public class Solution {
public String intToRoman(int num) {
int list[] = {1000,900,500,400,100,90,50,40,10,9,5,4,1};
String chars[] = {"M","CM","D","CD","C","XC","L","XL","X","IX","V","IV","I"};
int i = 0;
String out="";
while(num > 0)
{
for(;i < list.length;i++)
if(num >= list[i])
break;
out+=chars[i];
num -= list[i];
}
return out;
}
}

思路2——查表

还有个更极端的方案,就是,把每位上可能出现的情况都列举出来,剩下的,只用查表就行了。

public class Solution {
public static String intToRoman(int num) {
String M[] = {"", "M", "MM", "MMM"};
String C[] = {"", "C", "CC", "CCC", "CD", "D", "DC", "DCC", "DCCC", "CM"};
String X[] = {"", "X", "XX", "XXX", "XL", "L", "LX", "LXX", "LXXX", "XC"};
String I[] = {"", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX"};
return M[num/1000] + C[(num%1000)/100] + X[(num%100)/10] + I[num%10];
}
}

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