PAT 1078 Hashing[一般][二次探查法]
1078 Hashing (25 分)
The task of this problem is simple: insert a sequence of distinct positive integers into a hash table, and output the positions of the input numbers. The hash function is defined to be H(key)=key%TSize where TSize is the maximum size of the hash table. Quadratic probing (with positive increments only) is used to solve the collisions.
Note that the table size is better to be prime. If the maximum size given by the user is not prime, you must re-define the table size to be the smallest prime number which is larger than the size given by the user.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains two positive numbers: MSize (≤104) and N (≤MSize) which are the user-defined table size and the number of input numbers, respectively. Then Ndistinct positive integers are given in the next line. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each test case, print the corresponding positions (index starts from 0) of the input numbers in one line. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line. In case it is impossible to insert the number, print "-" instead.
Sample Input:
4 4
10 6 4 15
Sample Output:
0 1 4 -
题目大意:向一个Hash表中插入不同的数字,并且给出了一个 TSize ,就是哈希的函数,用输入的数字%TSize,如果TSize不是素数,那么就转化为最近的大于它的素数。
按输入顺序输出每一个数的位置,从0开始,如果一个数不能插入(也就是存在冲突问题)那么就输出-。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include<vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std; bool isPrime(int m){
int x=sqrt(m)+;
for(int i=;i<x;i++){
if(m%i==)return false;
}
return true;
}
int getPrime(int m){
for(int i=m+;;i++){
if(isPrime(i))return i;
}
}
int main() {
int m,n;
cin>>m>>n;
if(m!=&&!isPrime(m)){
m=getPrime(m);
}
if(m==)m=;
vector<int> vt(n);
for(int i=;i<n;i++){
cin>>vt[i];
}
map<int,int> mp;
for(int i=;i<n;i++){//遍历一个,打印一个就可以解决这个顺序问题。
int x=vt[i]%m;
if(mp[x]==){
cout<<x;
mp[x]=;
}else
cout<<"-";
if(i!=n-)cout<<" ";
} return ;
}
//第一次在牛客网上提交错误,是因为出现了测试:
1 1
1
这是1不是素数,应该把1转化为2才对。在pat上提交,最后一个测试点答案错误。牛客网上的通过率只有10%。。。应该是因为我没有用直接将大数内素数求出来的方法。
看了题解,才知道原来是需要使用二次探查法:
转自:https://www.liuchuo.net/archives/2297
1.如果当前key%value没被占用,那么就放下;
2.如果key%value被占用了,那么就设置一个step从1到value-1,判断(key+step*step)%value是否被占用了,如果未被占用那么就放下;如果都被占用了那么就真的无法放下了。
我的AC:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include<vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std; bool isPrime(int m){
int x=sqrt(m)+;
for(int i=;i<x;i++){
if(m%i==)return false;
}
return true;
}
int getPrime(int m){
for(int i=m+;;i++){
if(isPrime(i))return i;
}
}
int main() {
int m,n;
cin>>m>>n;
if(m!=&&!isPrime(m)){
m=getPrime(m);
}
if(m==)m=;
vector<int> vt(n);
for(int i=;i<n;i++){
cin>>vt[i];
}
map<int,int> mp;
for(int i=;i<n;i++){//遍历一个,打印一个就可以解决这个顺序问题。
int x=vt[i]%m;
if(mp[x]==){
cout<<x;
mp[x]=;
}else{
int step=;
bool flag=false;
for(int j=step;j<m;j++){
int y=(vt[i]+j*j)%m;
if(mp[y]==){
cout<<y;
mp[y]=;
flag=true;break;
}
}
if(!flag)cout<<"-";
} if(i!=n-)cout<<" ";
} return ;
}
//学习了二次探查法。
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