【树莓派】树莓派网络配置：静态IP、无线网络、服务等

一.网络配置之静态IP：

树莓派的默认网络为：

haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ vi /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces() file used by ifup() and ifdown()

# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'

# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

iface eth0 inet manual

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet manual
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

这个只要插上网线，即可自动获取到dhcp地址；

但如果需要设置为静态IP，则需要简单进行设置一下，如下操作：

haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf

......
nohook lookup-hostname

interface eth0
 static ip_address=192.168.21.103/
 static routers=192.168.21.1
 static domain_name_servers=61.134.1.4 218.30.19.40

设置完成之后，重启网络

haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

二.配置无线网络：

cat /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo  

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp  

#allow-hotplug wlan0
#iface wlan0 inet manual
#wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
#iface default inet dhcp
auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
        wpa-ssid "neu"
        wpa-psk  "lucifer_chn"  

或者

# interfaces() file used by ifup() and ifdown()

# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'

# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

#iface eth0 inet manual
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
#iface wlan0 inet manual
#iface wlan0 inet dhcp
#    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface wlan0 inet static
  wpa-ssid "Chinanet"
  wpa-psk "CTshi555666"
  address 172.27.35.20
  netmask 255.255.0.0
  gateway 172.27.35.1

allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet manual
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

检查 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 文件：

country=GB
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=

network={
  ssid="Chinanet"
  psk="PWD-CTshi555666-passwd"
}

修改之后，重启即可；

补充：

配置无线动态IP：

auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
        wpa-ssid "name"
        wpa-psk  "passwd" 

配置无线静态IP：

auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
  wpa-ssid "name"
  wpa-psk "passwd"
  address 192.168.11.80
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.11.1

三.增加用户的sudo权限：

为普通用户增加sudo权限的方法，同其他一样，需要修改visudo文件，如下；

haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo visudo

  GNU nano 2.2.                                                  File: /etc/sudoers.tmp                                                                                                            

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        mail_badpass
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
haochuang ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers() for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

pi ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

                                                                                         [ Read  lines ]
^G Get Help                     ^O WriteOut                     ^R Read File                    ^Y Prev Page                    ^K Cut Text                     ^C Cur Pos
^X Exit                         ^J Justify                      ^W Where Is                     ^V Next Page                    ^U UnCut Text                   ^T To Spell

增加其中标红的一行，并Ctrl+X，Yes保存退出；

三.增加自动启动服务：

1.编写自动启动脚本；

haochuang@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cat /etc/init.d/osprey
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          osprey
# Default-Start:
# Default-Stop:
# Required-Start: $local_fs
# Required-Stop:
# chkconfig:
# Short-Description: Start or stop the testapp App.
### END INIT INFO

start(){
    echo -e "\033[32m start testapp \033[0m"
    cd /home/haochuang/webapp/testapp
    su lifeccp -c "sh /home/haochuang/webapp/testapp/start --spring.profiles.active=test &"
}

stop(){
    echo -e "\033[32m stop osprey \033[0m"
    pkill -f testapp

    app_pid=$(pgrep -f testapp)
    if [ "${app_pid}" = "" ]; then
        echo -e  "\033[32m -=stop testapp finished=- \033[0m"
    else
        echo -e  "\033[31m -=stop testapp failed=- \033[0m"
        kill - "${app_pid}"
        echo -e  "\033[32m -=kill -9 testapp=- \033[0m"
    fi
}

case $ in
start)
    start
    ;;
stop)
    stop
    ;;
*)
    echo -e "\033[32m Usage: $0 (start|stop) \033[0m"
    ;;
esac

注意上面脚本中的\033[0m，其实是在为服务控制指令加色，想了解详细，可参考后面"其他"的补充描述；

2.增加到 /etc/init.d中，并修改增加可执行权限；

chomd +x testapp

3.增加到启动项中

chkconfig add /etc/init.d/testapp

其他：

颜色特效控制：

printf("\033[1;33m Hello World. \033[0m \n");
颜色如下:
none = "\033[0m"
black = "\033[0;30m"
dark_gray = "\033[1;30m"
blue = "\033[0;34m"
light_blue = "\033[1;34m"
green = "\033[0;32m"
light_green -= "\033[1;32m"
cyan = "\033[0;36m"
light_cyan = "\033[1;36m"
red = "\033[0;31m"
light_red = "\033[1;31m"
purple = "\033[0;35m"
light_purple = "\033[1;35m"
brown = "\033[0;33m"
yellow = "\033[1;33m"
light_gray = "\033[0;37m"
white = "\033[1;37m"

字背景颜色范围: 40--49 字颜色: 30--39
40: 黑 30: 黑
41:红 31: 红
42:绿 32: 绿
43:黄 33: 黄
44:蓝 34: 蓝
45:紫 35: 紫
46:深绿 36: 深绿
47:白色 37: 白色

输出特效格式控制：

\033[0m 关闭所有属性
\033[1m 设置高亮度
\03[4m 下划线
\033[5m 闪烁
\033[7m 反显
\033[8m 消隐
\033[30m -- \033[37m 设置前景色
\033[40m -- \033[47m 设置背景色

光标位置等的格式控制：

\033[nA 光标上移n行
\03[nB 光标下移n行
\033[nC 光标右移n行
\033[nD 光标左移n行
\033[y;xH设置光标位置
\033[2J 清屏
\033[K 清除从光标到行尾的内容
\033[s 保存光标位置
\033[u 恢复光标位置
\033[?25l 隐藏光标
\33[?25h 显示光标