WCF入门教程系列六

一、前言

前面的几个章节介绍了很多理论基础，如：什么是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的传输模式。本文从零开始和大家一起写一个小的WCF应用程序Demo。

大多框架的学习都是从增、删、改、查开始来学习的，我们学习WCF也是一样的。从简单来看(不包括安全、优化等相关问题)，WCF的增删改查和WebForm相差无几。WCF只是把具体“实现”写在“Service端”，而“调用”放在了“Client端”。觉得有帮助别忘了点个赞哈，谢谢哦~

二、Demo说明

1）Demo的 “Service端”以本机IIS为宿主，“Client端”以WebForm项目为例。

2）Demo的“Service端”提取数据采用初学者比较容易接受的分层结构进行搭建，分别分为服务层、实体层、数据层。

引用关系如下图所示：

3）Demo以数据库为SqlServer，表User为例(sql语句在下载的压缩包中Init.sql)，表结构如下所示：

字段名	列名	数据类型	约束	生成方式
用户编号	UserID	int	主键，必须输入	自动增+1
姓名	Name	varchar(200)	非必须输入	人工输入
密码	Password	varchar(200)	非必须输入	人工输入
描述	Discribe	varchar(800)	非必须输入	人工输入
提交时间	SubmitTime	datetime	非必须输入	人工输入

三、创建Service端宿主

1）创建WCF应用程序命名为：WCF.Demo.Service，如下图：

2）删除默认文件IService.cs与Service.svc。并分别创建增、删、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分别对应4个功能的服务应用程序WCF服务应用程序，并创建数据操作层和数据实体层，如下图：

3）增加实体层和数据操作层代码，如下所示：

 1     //用户实体
 2     [DataContract]
 3     public class User
 4     {
 5         [DataMember]
 6         public int UserID { get; set; }
 7         [DataMember]
 8         public string UserName { get; set; }
 9         [DataMember]
10         public string Password { get; set; }
11         [DataMember]
12         public string Discribe { get; set; }
13         [DataMember]
14         public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; }
15     }
16     //数据操作，调用SqlHeler
17     public class User
18     {
19         private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;";
20
21         //添加
22         public static bool Add(Model.User user)
23         {
24             string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime);
25             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
26             if (result > 0)
27                 return true;
28             else
29                 return false;
30         }
31
32         //修改
33         public static bool Save(Model.User user)
34         {
35             string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID);
36             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
37             if (result > 0)
38                 return true;
39             else
40                 return false;
41         }
42
43         //删除
44         public static bool Remove(int UserID)
45         {
46             string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
47             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
48             if (result > 0)
49                 return true;
50             else
51                 return false;
52         }
53
54         //获取用户
55         public static Model.User Get(int UserID)
56         {
57             Model.User user = new Model.User();
58             string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
59             DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
60             if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
61             {
62                 foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
63                 {
64                     user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
65                     user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
66                     user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
67                     user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
68                     user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
69                 }
70             }
71             return user;
72         }
73
74         //获取用户列表
75         public static List<Model.User> GetUsers()
76         {
77             List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>();
78             string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]");
79             DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
80             if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
81             {
82                 foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables)
83                 {
84                     foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
85                     {
86                         Model.User user = new Model.User();
87                         user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
88                         user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
89                         user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
90                         user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
91                         user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
92                         Users.Add(user);
93                     }
94                 }
95             }
96             return Users;
97         }
98     }

4）修改Add接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

 1     [ServiceContract]
 2     public interface IAdd
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         bool DoWork(Model.User user);
 6     }
 7
 8     public class Add : IAdd
 9     {
10         public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
11         {
12             return DAL.User.Add(user);
13         }
14     }

5）修改Save接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

 1     [ServiceContract]
 2     public interface ISave
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         bool DoWork(Model.User user);
 6     }
 7
 8     public class Save : ISave
 9     {
10         public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
11         {
12             return DAL.User.Save(user);
13         }
14     }

6）修改Remove接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

 1     [ServiceContract]
 2     public interface IRemove
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         bool DoWork(int UserID);
 6     }
 7     public class Remove : IRemove
 8     {
 9         public bool DoWork(int UserID)
10         {
11             return DAL.User.Remove(UserID);
12         }
13     }

7）修改Search接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

 1     [ServiceContract]
 2     public interface ISearch
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         List<Model.User> DoWork();
 6     }
 7
 8     public class Search : ISearch
 9     {
10         List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork()
11         {
12             return DAL.User.GetUsers();
13         }
14     }

8）修改Get接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

 1     [ServiceContract]
 2     public interface IGet
 3     {
 4         [OperationContract]
 5         Model.User DoWork(int UserID);
 6     }
 7
 8     public class Get : IGet
 9     {
10         public Model.User DoWork(int UserID)
11         {
12             return DAL.User.Get(UserID);
13         }
14     }

四、部署服务端程序

1）将程序发布，并部署到IIS上，设置端口：8080，如下图所示：

2）以Add.svc服务应用程序为目标，测试部署是否成功，成功后如下图所示：

五、创建Client端Web应用程序

新建WebForm项目WCF.Demo.Client，并创建增删改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下图所示：

六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客户端代码和配置

SvcUtil.exe是一个VS命令行工具，该工具位于：C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin 或 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\一般情况下我们将SvcUtil.exe添加到VS开发工具中方便以后的运用（也可直接使用该命令行工具）。

1）在VS中的 Tools菜单---选择External Tools，打开管理窗口如下图所示：

在Title中输入SvcUtil，Command中选择SvcUtil.exe全路径，Initial directory栏选择生成的客户端代码和配置文件所放的目录（此处为解决方案所在目录），选上Prompt for arguments，不选上Close on exit。点击OK.

2）添加完成后，在VS的工具下会出现这个菜单。如下图所示：

3）在Client端添加对服务的引用。打开SvUtil工具，在Arguments里填写服务的地址，如下图：

点击OK后出现下图，说明代码类和配置文件生成成功（在解决方案目标下），如下图所示：

此时代理类和配置文件被下载到解决方案的物理目录中，如下图所示：

七、在Client端使用代理类与配置

将代理类从服务端的物理目录拷贝出来，放到Client端，并适当的修改代码，加入自己需要的名称空间，如下图所示：

使用代码如下所示：

 1     //增加
 2     public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page
 3     {
 4         Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient();
 5         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 6         {
 7
 8         }
 9
10         //提交
11         protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
12         {
13             Model.User user = new Model.User();
14             user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
15             user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text;
16             user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
17             user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now;
18             addClient.DoWork(user);
19             Response.Write("添加成功！");
20         }
21     }
22     //修改
23     public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page
24     {
25         Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient();
26         Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient();
27         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
28         {
29             if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"]))
30             {
31                 GetUser();
32             }
33         }
34
35         protected void GetUser()
36         {
37             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
38             Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
39             this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName;
40             this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe;
41         }
42
43         //提交
44         protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
45         {
46             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
47             Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
48             user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
49             user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
50             saveClient.DoWork(user);
51             Response.Write("修改成功！");
52         }
53     }
54     //列表及删除
55     public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page
56     {
57         Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient();
58         Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient();
59         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
60         {
61             if (!Page.IsPostBack)
62             {
63                 GetUsers();
64             }
65         }
66
67         protected void GetUsers()
68         {
69             this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork();
70             this.repUsers.DataBind();
71         }
72
73         protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)
74         {
75             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName);
76             removeClient.DoWork(UserID);
77             Response.Write("删除成功~");
78             GetUsers();
79         }
80     }

将生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>复制到Client的Web.config中，代码如下：

 1   <system.serviceModel>
 2     <bindings>
 3       <basicHttpBinding>
 4         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
 5             openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
 6             allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
 7             maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
 8             messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
 9             useDefaultWebProxy="true">
10           <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
11               maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
12           <security mode="None">
13             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
14                 realm="" />
15             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
16           </security>
17         </binding>
18         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
19                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
20                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
21                    maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
22                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
23                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">
24           <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
25               maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
26           <security mode="None">
27             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
28                 realm="" />
29             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
30           </security>
31         </binding>
32         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
33            openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
34            allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
35            maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
36            messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
37            useDefaultWebProxy="true">
38           <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
39               maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
40           <security mode="None">
41             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
42                 realm="" />
43             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
44           </security>
45         </binding>
46         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
47                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
48                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
49                    maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
50                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
51                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">
52           <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
53               maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
54           <security mode="None">
55             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
56                 realm="" />
57             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
58           </security>
59         </binding>
60         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00"
61                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"
62                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
63                    maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"
64                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"
65                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">
66           <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"
67               maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />
68           <security mode="None">
69             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"
70                 realm="" />
71             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />
72           </security>
73         </binding>
74       </basicHttpBinding>
75     </bindings>
76     <client>
77       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
78           bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd"
79           name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" />
80       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
81               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove"
82               name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" />
83       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
84              bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch"
85              name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" />
86       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
87                bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave"
88                name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" />
89       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"
90                bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet"
91                name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" />
92     </client>
93   </system.serviceModel>

-------------------------最终效果-----------------------

添加：

修改：

列表及删除：

八、源码下载

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