使用 python 获取 Linux 的 IP 信息(通过 ifconfig 命令)

我们可以使用 python 代码通过调用 ifconfig 命令来获取 Linux 主机的 IP 相关信息，包括：网卡名称、MAC地址、IP地址等。

第一种实现方式：

 #!/usr/bin/python
 #encoding: utf-8

 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

 def getIfconfig():
     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
     data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
     return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

 def parseIfconfig(data):
     dic = {}
     for devs in data:
         lines = devs.split('\n')
         devname = lines[0].split()[0]
         macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
         ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
         dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
     return dic

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     data = getIfconfig()
     print parseIfconfig(data)

第二种实现方式：

 #!/usr/bin/python
 #encoding: utf-8

 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

 def getIP():
     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
     stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
     data = [i for i in stdout.split('\n') if i]
     return data

 def genIP(data):
     new_line = ''
     lines = []
     for line in data:
         if line[0].strip():
             lines.append(new_line)
             new_line = line + '\n'
         else:
             new_line += line + '\n'
     lines.append(new_line)
     return [i for i in lines if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

 def parseIP(data):
     dic = {}
     for devs in data:
         lines = devs.split('\n')
         devname = lines[0].split()[0]
         macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
         ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
         dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
     return dic

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     data = getIP()
     nics = genIP(data)
     print parseIP(nics)

第三种方式实现(正则表达式)：

 #!/usr/bin/python
 #encoding: utf-8

 from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 import re

 def getIfconfig():
     p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
     data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
     return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

 def parseIfconfig(data):
     dic = {}
     # re.M 多行模式，改变'^'和'$'的行为
     for line in data:
         re_devname = re.compile(r'(\w+).*Link encap', re.M)
         re_macaddr = re.compile(r'HWaddr\s([0-9A-F:]{17})', re.M)
         re_ipaddr  = re.compile(r'inet addr:([\d\.]{7,15})', re.M)
         devname  = re_devname.search(line)
         mac      = re_macaddr.search(line)
         ip       = re_ipaddr.search(line)
         if devname:
             devname = devname.group(1)
         else:
             devname = ''

         if mac:
             mac = mac.group(1)
         else:
             mac = ''

         if ip:
             ip = ip.group(1)
         else:
             ip = ''
         dic[devname] = [mac, ip]
     return dic

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     data = getIfconfig()
     print parseIfconfig(data)

实验结果：

{'eth1': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:7F', '172.16.254.8'], 'eth0': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:75', '192.168.0.8']}