verilog写的LCD1602 显示

在读本文之前，请先阅读 LCD1602 的 datasheet（百度到处都是） ,熟悉有关的11条指令集。

LCD1602的11个指令集链接 http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5801363.html（这是我总结的11条指令集，中英文结合）

---

1、LCD1602基础知识

（2）LCD1602操作流程

---

2、代码：

module lcd_1602_driver(
                clk    ,
                rst_n  ,
                lcd_en ,
                lcd_rw ,  //因为只执行写操作，所以永远为0.
                lcd_rs ,
                lcd_data

              );
input        clk    ;
input        rst_n  ;

output       lcd_en ;
output       lcd_rw ;
output       lcd_rs ;
output [:] lcd_data;
wire         clk ;
wire         rst_n  ;
wire         lcd_en ;
wire         lcd_rw;
reg  [:]   lcd_data;
reg          lcd_rs  ;
reg [:]    c_state ;
reg [:]    n_state ;
wire  [:]  row_1;
wire  [:]  row_2;
assign row_1 ="i am liu xiao yi" ;  //第一行显示的内容
assign row_2 ="happy everyday !";  //第二行显示的内容
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
//initialize
//first step is waitng more than 20 ms. 数据手册要求的，目的是等待系统上电稳定。
parameter TIME_20MS = 1000_000 ; //20000000/20=1000_000
//parameter TIME_15MS = 9'h100 ; //just for test
parameter TIME_500HZ= 100_000  ; //
//parameter TIME_500HZ= 4'hf;  //just for test
//use gray code
parameter         IDLE=    'h00  ;  //因为此状态机一共有40个状态，所以这里用了格雷码，一次只有1位发生改变。00 01 03 02
parameter SET_FUNCTION=    'h01  ;
parameter     DISP_OFF=    'h03  ;
parameter   DISP_CLEAR=    'h02  ;
parameter   ENTRY_MODE=    'h06  ;
parameter   DISP_ON   =    'h07  ;
parameter    ROW1_ADDR=    'h05  ;
parameter       ROW1_0=    'h04  ;
parameter       ROW1_1=    'h0C  ;
parameter       ROW1_2=    'h0D  ;
parameter       ROW1_3=    'h0F  ;
parameter       ROW1_4=    'h0E  ;
parameter       ROW1_5=    'h0A  ;
parameter       ROW1_6=    'h0B  ;
parameter       ROW1_7=    'h09  ;
parameter       ROW1_8=  'h08  ;
parameter       ROW1_9=    'h18  ;
parameter       ROW1_A=    'h19  ;
parameter       ROW1_B=    'h1B  ;
parameter       ROW1_C=    'h1A  ;
parameter       ROW1_D=    'h1E  ;
parameter       ROW1_E=    'h1F  ;
parameter       ROW1_F=    'h1D  ;

parameter    ROW2_ADDR=    'h1C  ;
parameter       ROW2_0=    'h14  ;
parameter       ROW2_1=    'h15  ;
parameter       ROW2_2=    'h17  ;
parameter       ROW2_3=    'h16  ;
parameter       ROW2_4=    'h12  ;
parameter       ROW2_5=    'h13  ;
parameter       ROW2_6=    'h11  ;
parameter       ROW2_7=    'h10  ;
parameter       ROW2_8=    'h30  ;
parameter       ROW2_9=    'h31  ;
parameter       ROW2_A=    'h33  ;
parameter       ROW2_B=    'h32  ;
parameter       ROW2_C=    'h36  ;
parameter       ROW2_D=    'h37  ;
parameter       ROW2_E=    'h35  ;
parameter       ROW2_F=    'h34  ;

//20ms的计数器，即初始化第一步
reg [:] cnt_20ms ;
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n=='b0)begin
        cnt_20ms<=;
    end
    else if(cnt_20ms == TIME_20MS -)begin
        cnt_20ms<=cnt_20ms;
    end
    else
        cnt_20ms<=cnt_20ms +  ;
end
wire delay_done = (cnt_20ms==TIME_20MS-)? 'b1 : 1'b0 ;
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
//500ns  这里是分频，因为LCD1602的工作频率是500HZ,而FPGA是50Mhz,所以要分频
reg [:] cnt_500hz;
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n=='b0)begin
        cnt_500hz <= ;
    end
    else if(delay_done==)begin
        if(cnt_500hz== TIME_500HZ - )
            cnt_500hz<=;
        else
            cnt_500hz<=cnt_500hz +  ;
    end
    else
        cnt_500hz<=;
end

assign lcd_en = (cnt_500hz>(TIME_500HZ-)/)? 'b0 : 1'b1;  //下降沿
assign write_flag = (cnt_500hz==TIME_500HZ - ) ? 'b1 : 1'b0 ;

//set_function ,display off ，display clear ,entry mode set
//----------------------------------------------------------------------状态机
always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(rst_n=='b0)begin
        c_state <= IDLE    ;
    end
    else if(write_flag==) begin
        c_state<= n_state  ;
    end
    else
        c_state<=c_state   ;
end

always  @(*)begin
    case (c_state)
        IDLE: n_state = SET_FUNCTION ;
SET_FUNCTION: n_state = DISP_OFF     ;
    DISP_OFF: n_state = DISP_CLEAR   ;
  DISP_CLEAR: n_state = ENTRY_MODE   ;
  ENTRY_MODE: n_state = DISP_ON      ;
  DISP_ON   : n_state = ROW1_ADDR    ;
   ROW1_ADDR: n_state = ROW1_0       ;
      ROW1_0: n_state = ROW1_1       ;
      ROW1_1: n_state = ROW1_2       ;
      ROW1_2: n_state = ROW1_3       ;
      ROW1_3: n_state = ROW1_4       ;
      ROW1_4: n_state = ROW1_5       ;
      ROW1_5: n_state = ROW1_6       ;
      ROW1_6: n_state = ROW1_7       ;
      ROW1_7: n_state = ROW1_8       ;
      ROW1_8: n_state = ROW1_9       ;
      ROW1_9: n_state = ROW1_A       ;
      ROW1_A: n_state = ROW1_B       ;
      ROW1_B: n_state = ROW1_C       ;
      ROW1_C: n_state = ROW1_D       ;
      ROW1_D: n_state = ROW1_E       ;
      ROW1_E: n_state = ROW1_F       ;
      ROW1_F: n_state = ROW2_ADDR    ;

   ROW2_ADDR: n_state = ROW2_0       ;
      ROW2_0: n_state = ROW2_1       ;
      ROW2_1: n_state = ROW2_2       ;
      ROW2_2: n_state = ROW2_3       ;
      ROW2_3: n_state = ROW2_4       ;
      ROW2_4: n_state = ROW2_5       ;
      ROW2_5: n_state = ROW2_6       ;
      ROW2_6: n_state = ROW2_7       ;
      ROW2_7: n_state = ROW2_8       ;
      ROW2_8: n_state = ROW2_9       ;
      ROW2_9: n_state = ROW2_A       ;
      ROW2_A: n_state = ROW2_B       ;
      ROW2_B: n_state = ROW2_C       ;
      ROW2_C: n_state = ROW2_D       ;
      ROW2_D: n_state = ROW2_E       ;
      ROW2_E: n_state = ROW2_F       ;
      ROW2_F: n_state = ROW1_ADDR    ;
     default: n_state = n_state      ;
   endcase
   end   

   assign lcd_rw = ;
   always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
       if(rst_n=='b0)begin
           lcd_rs <=  ;   //order or data  0: order 1:data
       end
       else if(write_flag == )begin
           if((n_state==SET_FUNCTION)||(n_state==DISP_OFF)||
              (n_state==DISP_CLEAR)||(n_state==ENTRY_MODE)||
              (n_state==DISP_ON ) ||(n_state==ROW1_ADDR)||
              (n_state==ROW2_ADDR))begin
           lcd_rs<= ;
           end
           else  begin
           lcd_rs<= ;
           end
       end
       else begin
           lcd_rs<=lcd_rs;
       end
   end                   

   always  @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
       if(rst_n=='b0)begin
           lcd_data<= ;
       end
       else  if(write_flag)begin
           case(n_state)

                 IDLE: lcd_data <= 'hxx;
         SET_FUNCTION: lcd_data <= 'h38; //2*16 5*8 8位数据
             DISP_OFF: lcd_data <= 'h08;
           DISP_CLEAR: lcd_data <= 'h01;
           ENTRY_MODE: lcd_data <= 'h06;
           DISP_ON   : lcd_data <= 'h0c;  //显示功能开，没有光标，且不闪烁，
            ROW1_ADDR: lcd_data <= 'h80; //00+80
               ROW1_0: lcd_data <= row_1 [:];
               ROW1_1: lcd_data <= row_1 [:];
               ROW1_2: lcd_data <= row_1 [:];
               ROW1_3: lcd_data <= row_1 [: ];
               ROW1_4: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_5: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_6: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_7: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_8: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_9: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_A: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_B: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_C: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_D: lcd_data <= row_1 [ : ];
               ROW1_E: lcd_data <= row_1 [ :  ];
               ROW1_F: lcd_data <= row_1 [  :  ];

            ROW2_ADDR: lcd_data <= 'hc0;      //40+80
               ROW2_0: lcd_data <= row_2 [:];
               ROW2_1: lcd_data <= row_2 [:];
               ROW2_2: lcd_data <= row_2 [:];
               ROW2_3: lcd_data <= row_2 [: ];
               ROW2_4: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_5: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_6: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_7: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_8: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_9: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_A: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_B: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_C: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_D: lcd_data <= row_2 [ : ];
               ROW2_E: lcd_data <= row_2 [ :  ];
               ROW2_F: lcd_data <= row_2 [  :  ];
           endcase
       end
       else
              lcd_data<=lcd_data ;
   end

endmodule

---

3、testbench

`timescale  ns/ ns

module lcd1602_tb();

//时钟和复位
reg clk  ;
reg rst_n;

wire lcd_en ;
wire lcd_rs ;
wire lcd_rw ;
wire [:] lcd_data;
        //时钟周期，单位为ns，可在此修改时钟周期。
        parameter CYCLE    = ;

        //复位时间，此时表示复位3个时钟周期的时间。
        parameter RST_TIME =  ;

        //待测试的模块例化
       lcd_1602_driver u1_lcd_1602_driver(
               .clk     (clk     ),
               .rst_n   (rst_n   ),
               .lcd_en  (lcd_en  ),
               .lcd_rw  (lcd_rw  ),
               .lcd_rs  (lcd_rs  ),
               .lcd_data(lcd_data)

              );

            //生成本地时钟50M
            initial begin
                clk = ;
                forever
                #(CYCLE/)
                clk=~clk;
            end

            //产生复位信号
            initial begin
                rst_n = ;
                #;
                rst_n = ;
                #(CYCLE*RST_TIME);
                rst_n = ;
            end

            endmodule

---

4、modesim 仿真

---

5、结果展示及总结

易错之处：1、忽略了lcd1602的正常工作频率

2、显示地址需要加80

3、这篇文章只是lcd1602的基本显示，下一目标就是要自定义汉字，会用到CGRAM的相关知识，详情请见下篇文章，链接如下

　http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5819868.html，欢迎提问并给出宝贵意见

　
转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/aslmer/p/5819422.html