Net Core迁移到MSBuild平台(二)

 

一、前言

在上一篇文章.Net Core迁移到MSBuild的多平台编译问题中,简单的讲了下新的项目配置文件中的节点配置,这篇我将用一些例子来详细讲下从project.json迁移到msbuild过程的节点配置。做过完整迁移新项目配置文件的朋友,肯定会觉得新的项目配置文件Msbuild的配置太扯了,虽然能直接编辑项目文件,但整个配置文件中没有了像project.json中的智能提示,当你在打开文件后你就会发现以前很轻松能写出来的json配置,现在已经什么都写不出来了,而且也没有文档可以参考,一般的情况下,往往开发人员就会关掉项目文件,打开NuGet管理器来进行包引用,但是这真的够用吗?不是所有的配置都能用可视化的方法来完成。

二、XML定义

新的.csproj是基于xml格式的,下面介绍下project.json与.csproj文件的差异定义的例子:

项目名称 (ProjectName)

{
"name": "MyProjectName"
}

在csproj的配置中并没有对应的定义,它只会有项目文件名相同如:MyProjectName.csproj

程序集版本 (Version)

{
"version": "1.0.0-alpha-*"
}
<PropertyGroup>
<VersionPrefix>1.0.0</VersionPrefix>
<VersionSuffix>alpha</VersionSuffix>
</PropertyGroup>

当然也可以只使用Version来定义:

<PropertyGroup>
<Version>1.0.0-alpha</Version>
</PropertyGroup>

程序集描述

{
"authors": [ "Anne", "Bob" ],
"company": "Contoso",
"language": "en-US",
"title": "My library",
"description": "This is my library.\r\nAnd it's really great!",
"copyright": "Nugetizer 3000",
"userSecretsId": "xyz123"
}
<PropertyGroup>
<Authors>Anne;Bob<Authors>
<Company>Contoso<Company>
<NeutralLanguage>en-US</NeutralLanguage>
<AssemblyTitle>My library</AssemblyTitle>
<Description>This is my library.
And it's really great!</Description>
<Copyright>Nugetizer 3000</Copyright>
<UserSecretsId>xyz123</UserSecretsId>
</PropertyGroup>

frameworks (单目标框架)

  "frameworks": {
"netcoreapp1.0": {}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp1.0</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup>

frameworks (多目标框架)

 "frameworks": {
"netcoreapp1.0": {},
"net451": {}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFrameworks>netcoreapp1.0;net451</TargetFrameworks>
</PropertyGroup>

dependencies (框架依赖)

"dependencies": {
"Microsoft.AspNetCore": "1.1.0"
}
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore" Version="1.1.0" />
</ItemGroup>

不同目标框架的依赖 (Per-framework dependencies)

{
"framework": {
"net451": {
"dependencies": {
"System.Collections.Immutable": "1.3.1"
}
},
"netstandard1.5": {
"dependencies": {
"Newtonsoft.Json": "9.0.1"
}
}
}
}
<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)'=='net451'">
<PackageReference Include="System.Collections.Immutable" Version="1.3.1" />
</ItemGroup> <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)'=='netstandard1.5'">
<PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="9.0.1" />
</ItemGroup>

imports (兼容导入)

 {
"dependencies": {
"xxx": "1.0-pre001"
},
"frameworks": {
"netcoreapp1.0": {
"imports": [
"dnxcore50",
"dotnet"
]
}
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<PackageTargetFallback>dnxcore50;dotnet</PackageTargetFallback>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="xxx" Version="1.0-pre001" />
</ItemGroup>

依赖类型 (dependency type)

type: build

{
"dependencies": {
"Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design": {
"version": "1.1.0",
"type": "build"
}
}
}
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="1.1.0" PrivateAssets="All" />
</ItemGroup>

type: platform

{
"dependencies": {
"Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
"version": "1.1.0",
"type": "platform"
}
}
}

在*.csproj项目配置文件中没有对应的配置节点,只有目标框架定义:

<TargetFramework>netcoreapp1.1</TargetFramework>

之前想要编译出独立发布的可执行文件,就需要把 "type": "platform"节点删除掉。

独立发布定义 (runtimes)

{
"runtimes": {
"win7-x64": {},
"osx.10.11-x64": {},
"ubuntu.16.04-x64": {}
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<RuntimeIdentifiers>win7-x64;osx.10-11-x64;ubuntu.16.04-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
</PropertyGroup>

现在想生成独立发布版本,只需要在项目配置中定义RuntimeIdentifiers节点,并运行如下命令:

dotnet publish --framework netcoreapp1.0 --runtime osx.10.11-x64

DOTNET CLI工具 (tools)

{
"tools": {
"Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet": "1.0.0-*"
}
}
<ItemGroup>
<DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="1.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

提示:tools下的引用,不再支持“imports”节点定义(不能兼容非dotnet core版本的tools)。

编译可执行 (emitEntryPoint)

{
"buildOptions": {
"emitEntryPoint": true
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
</PropertyGroup>
{
"buildOptions": {
"emitEntryPoint": false
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Library</OutputType>
</PropertyGroup>

程序集强命名签名 (keyFile)

{
"buildOptions": {
"keyFile": "MyKey.snk"
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>MyKey.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
<SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
<PublicSign Condition="'$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT'">true</PublicSign>
</PropertyGroup>

其它编译设置

{
"buildOptions": {
"warningsAsErrors": true,
"nowarn": ["CS0168", "CS0219"],
"xmlDoc": true,
"preserveCompilationContext": true,
"outputName": "Different.AssemblyName",
"debugType": "portable",
"allowUnsafe": true,
"define": ["TEST", "OTHERCONDITION"]
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
<NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CS0168;CS0219</NoWarn>
<GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
<PreserveCompliationContext>true</PreserveCompliationContext>
<AssemblyName>Different.AssemblyName</AssemblyName>
<DebugType>portable</DebugType>
<AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
<DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);TEST;OTHERCONDITION</DefineConstants>
</PropertyGroup>

打包设置 (packOptions)

{
"packOptions": {
"summary": "A bundle of cats",
"tags": ["hyperscale", "cats"],
"owners": [ "Nate", "Jenna" ],
"releaseNotes": "Version 1.0",
"iconUrl": "https://icons.com/awesomeness.png",
"projectUrl": "https://github.com/natemcmaster",
"licenseUrl": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0",
"requireLicenseAcceptance": false,
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/natemcmaster/natemcmaster.github.io"
}
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<Description>A bundle of cats</Description>
<PackageTags>hyperscale;cats</PackageTags>
<PackageReleaseNotes>Version 1.0</PackageReleaseNotes>
<PackageIconUrl>https://icons.com/awesomeness.png</PackageIconUrl>
<PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/natemcmaster</PackageProjectUrl>
<PackageLicenseUrl>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</PackageLicenseUrl>
<PackageRequireLicenseAcceptance>false</PackageRequireLicenseAcceptance>
<RepositoryType>git</RepositoryType>
<RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/natemcmaster/natemcmaster.github.io</RepositoryUrl>
<!-- regrettably, 'owners' does not translate to MSBuild. -->
</PropertyGroup>

MsBuild脚本

{
"scripts": {
"precompile": "generateCode.cmd",
"postpublish": [ "obfuscate.cmd", "removeTempFiles.cmd" ]
}
}
<Target Name="MyPreCompileTarget" BeforeTargets="Build">
<Exec Command="generateCode.cmd" />
</Target>
<Target Name="MyPostCompileTarget" AfterTargets="Publish">
<Exec Command="obfuscate.cmd" />
<Exec Command="removeTempFiles.cmd" />
</Target>

运行时设置 (runtimeOptions)

{
"runtimeOptions": {
"configProperties": {
"System.GC.Server": true,
"System.GC.Concurrent": true,
"System.GC.RetainVM": true,
"System.Threading.ThreadPool.MinThreads": 10,
"System.Threading.ThreadPool.MaxThreads": 100
}
}
}
<PropertyGroup>
<ServerGarbageCollection>true</ServerGarbageCollection>
<ConcurrentGarbageCollection>true</ConcurrentGarbageCollection>
<RetainVMGarbageCollection>true</RetainVMGarbageCollection>
<!-- I'm not suggesting these settings...just showing usage ;) -->
<ThreadPoolMinThreads>10</ThreadPoolMinThreads>
<ThreadPoolMaxThreads>100</ThreadPoolMaxThreads>
</ProeprtyGroup>

当然如果你创建的是一个web项目的话,及Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web。那么 ServerGarbageCollection设置将默认为true。

项目文件管理

{
"buildOptions": {
"compile": {
"copyToOutput": "notes.txt",
"include": "../Shared/*.cs",
"exclude": "../Shared/Not/*.cs"
},
"embed": {
"include": "../Shared/*.resx"
}
},
"packOptions": {
"include": "Views/",
"mappings": {
"some/path/in/project.txt": "in/package.txt"
}
},
"publishOptions": {
"include": [
"files/",
"publishnotes.txt"
]
}
}
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="..\Shared\*.cs" Exclude="..\Shared\Not\*.cs" />
<EmbeddedResource Include="..\Shared\*.resx" />
<Content Include="Views\**\*" PackagePath="%(Identity)" />
<None Include="some/path/in/project.txt" Pack="true" PackagePath="in/package.txt" /> <None Include="notes.txt" CopyToOutputDirectory="Always" />
<!-- CopyToOutputDirectory = { Always, PreserveNewest, Never } --> <Content Include="files\**\*" CopyToPublishDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
<None Include="publishnotes.txt" CopyToPublishDirectory="Always" />
<!-- CopyToPublishDirectory = { Always, PreserveNewest, Never } --> <!-- you can set both copy output and publish directories-->
<None Include="testasset.txt" CopyToOutputDirectory="Always" CopyToPublishDirectory="Always" /> <!-- alternatively, use nested XML attributes. They're functionally the same-->
<None Include="testasset2.txt">
<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
<CopyToPublishDirectory>Always</CopyToPublishDirectory>
</None> </ItemGroup>

单元测试

xunit

{
"testRunner": "xunit",
"dependencies": {
"dotnet-test-xunit": "<any>"
}
}
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="15.0.0" />
<PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.2.0" />
<PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="2.2.0" />
</ItemGroup>

mstest

{
"testRunner": "mstest",
"dependencies": {
"dotnet-test-mstest": "<any>"
}
}
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="15.0.0" />
<PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="1.1.12" />
<PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="1.1.11" />
</ItemGroup>

三、结语

说实话MSBuild的项目配置系统还是比较灵活的,以后整个dotnet体系的构建过程也都得到了统一。在dotnet cli中也集成了msbuild,即dotnet build。

.NET Core 开源学习群:214741894

GitHub:https://github.com/maxzhang1985/YOYOFx 如果觉还可以请Star下, 欢迎一起交流。

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