[转帖]Full GC (Ergonomics) 产生的原因

发生Full GC，有很多种原因，不仅仅是只有Allocation Failure。

还有以下这么多：

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/gcCause.hpp"

const char* GCCause::to_string(GCCause::Cause cause) {

switch (cause) {

case _java_lang_system_gc:

return "System.gc()";
case _full_gc_alot:
  return "FullGCAlot";

case _scavenge_alot:
  return "ScavengeAlot";

case _allocation_profiler:
  return "Allocation Profiler";

case _jvmti_force_gc:
  return "JvmtiEnv ForceGarbageCollection";

case _gc_locker:
  return "GCLocker Initiated GC";

case _heap_inspection:
  return "Heap Inspection Initiated GC";

case _heap_dump:
  return "Heap Dump Initiated GC";

case _wb_young_gc:
  return "WhiteBox Initiated Young GC";

case _wb_conc_mark:
  return "WhiteBox Initiated Concurrent Mark";

case _wb_full_gc:
  return "WhiteBox Initiated Full GC";

case _update_allocation_context_stats_inc:
case _update_allocation_context_stats_full:
  return "Update Allocation Context Stats";

case _no_gc:
  return "No GC";

case _allocation_failure:
  return "Allocation Failure";

case _tenured_generation_full:
  return "Tenured Generation Full";

case _metadata_GC_threshold:
  return "Metadata GC Threshold";

case _metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs:
  return "Metadata GC Clear Soft References";

case _cms_generation_full:
  return "CMS Generation Full";

case _cms_initial_mark:
  return "CMS Initial Mark";

case _cms_final_remark:
  return "CMS Final Remark";

case _cms_concurrent_mark:
  return "CMS Concurrent Mark";

case _old_generation_expanded_on_last_scavenge:
  return "Old Generation Expanded On Last Scavenge";

case _old_generation_too_full_to_scavenge:
  return "Old Generation Too Full To Scavenge";

case _adaptive_size_policy:
  return "Ergonomics";

case _g1_inc_collection_pause:
  return "G1 Evacuation Pause";

case _g1_humongous_allocation:
  return "G1 Humongous Allocation";

case _dcmd_gc_run:
  return "Diagnostic Command";

case _last_gc_cause:
  return "ILLEGAL VALUE - last gc cause - ILLEGAL VALUE";

default:
  return "unknown GCCause";

}

ShouldNotReachHere();

}

该文JVM内存分配担保机制在后面部分讲到在Server模式下，当设置为3M的时候，偶尔会发生Full GC。注意：是“偶尔”。

另外我们看到日志片段：

[Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 544K->0K(9216K)] [ParOldGen: 6144K->6627K(10240K)] 6688K->6627K(19456K), [Metaspace: 3286K->3286K(1056768K)], 0.0063048 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]

发现Full GC后面还有一个单词叫Ergonomics，Full GC后面的括号就是本次GC所产生的原因。

上文中我们说到：

发现当我们使用Server模式下的ParallelGC收集器组合（Parallel Scavenge+Serial Old的组合）下，担保机制的实现和之前的Client模式下（SerialGC收集器组合）有所变化。在GC前还会进行一次判断，如果要分配的内存>=Eden区大小的一半，那么会直接把要分配的内存放入老年代中。否则才会进入担保机制。

也就是使用了Parallel Scavenge+Serial Old的组合。

我们就去看看Parallel Scavenge回收策略的源码吧！

以下是片段：

// This method contains all heap specific policy for invoking scavenge.
// PSScavenge::invoke_no_policy() will do nothing but attempt to
// scavenge. It will not clean up after failed promotions, bail out if
// we've exceeded policy time limits, or any other special behavior.
// All such policy should be placed here.
//
// Note that this method should only be called from the vm_thread while
// at a safepoint!
bool PSScavenge::invoke() {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "should be at safepoint");
  assert(Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread(), "should be in vm thread");
  assert(!ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->is_gc_active(), "not reentrant");

ParallelScavengeHeap* const heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();

PSAdaptiveSizePolicy* policy = heap->size_policy();

IsGCActiveMark mark;

const bool scavenge_done = PSScavenge::invoke_no_policy();

const bool need_full_gc = !scavenge_done ||

policy->should_full_GC(heap->old_gen()->free_in_bytes());

bool full_gc_done = false;

if (UsePerfData) {

PSGCAdaptivePolicyCounters* const counters = heap->gc_policy_counters();

const int ffs_val = need_full_gc ? full_follows_scavenge : not_skipped;

counters->update_full_follows_scavenge(ffs_val);

}

if (need_full_gc) {

GCCauseSetter gccs(heap, GCCause::_adaptive_size_policy);

CollectorPolicy* cp = heap->collector_policy();

const bool clear_all_softrefs = cp->should_clear_all_soft_refs();
if (UseParallelOldGC) {
  full_gc_done = PSParallelCompact::invoke_no_policy(clear_all_softrefs);
} else {
  full_gc_done = PSMarkSweep::invoke_no_policy(clear_all_softrefs);
}

}
return full_gc_done;

}

核心代码：

 if (need_full_gc) {
    GCCauseSetter gccs(heap, GCCause::_adaptive_size_policy);
    CollectorPolicy* cp = heap->collector_policy();
    const bool clear_all_softrefs = cp->should_clear_all_soft_refs();
if (UseParallelOldGC) {
  full_gc_done = PSParallelCompact::invoke_no_policy(clear_all_softrefs);
} else {
  full_gc_done = PSMarkSweep::invoke_no_policy(clear_all_softrefs);
}

}

注：基本内容是如果需要full gc那么就进入if块，然后执行full gc逻辑。另外这里的_adaptive_size_policy 常量就是对应的Ergonomics：

 case _adaptive_size_policy:
      return "Ergonomics";

那么full gc的条件是什么呢？也就是什么情况导致发生了本次full gc呢？

我们继续看看need_full_gc这个常量吧：

full gc条件：

const bool need_full_gc = !scavenge_done ||
  policy->should_full_GC(heap->old_gen()->free_in_bytes());

should_ful_GC方法：

// If the remaining free space in the old generation is less that
// that expected to be needed by the next collection, do a full
// collection now.
bool PSAdaptiveSizePolicy::should_full_GC(size_t old_free_in_bytes) {

// A similar test is done in the scavenge's should_attempt_scavenge().  If

// this is changed, decide if that test should also be changed.

bool result = padded_average_promoted_in_bytes() > (float) old_free_in_bytes;

//如果晋升到老年代的平均大小大于老年代的剩余大小，则认为要进行一次full gc

log_trace(gc, ergo)(

"%s after scavenge average_promoted "

SIZE_FORMAT " padded_average_promoted "

SIZE_FORMAT " free in old gen " SIZE_FORMAT,

result ? "Full" : "No full",

(size_t) average_promoted_in_bytes(),

(size_t) padded_average_promoted_in_bytes(),

old_free_in_bytes);

return result;

}

通过查看should_full_GC方法，我们发现了这行代码：

bool result = padded_average_promoted_in_bytes() > (float) old_free_in_bytes;

通过该行代码，我们知道，如果晋升到老生代的平均大小大于老生代的剩余大小，则会返回true，认为需要一次full gc。

通过注释也可以知道：

If the remaining free space in the old generation is less than
that expected to be needed by the next collection, do a full
collection now.

如果老生代的剩余空间少于下一次收集所需的剩余空间，那么现在就做一个完整的收集。

如果 padded_average_promoted_in_bytes()大于老生代剩余空间，那么就返回true，表示要触发一次fullgc。

那么padded_average_promoted_in_bytes()这个平均大小是怎么算出来的呢？我们去看看：

// Padded average in bytes
size_t padded_average_promoted_in_bytes() const {
  return (size_t)_avg_promoted->padded_average();
}

float padded_average() const         { return _padded_avg; }

// A weighted average that includes a deviation from the average,
// some multiple of which is added to the average.
//
// This serves as our best estimate of an upper bound on a future
// unknown.
class AdaptivePaddedAverage : public AdaptiveWeightedAverage {
 private:
  float          _padded_avg;     // The last computed padded average
  float          _deviation;      // Running deviation from the average
  unsigned       _padding;        // A multiple which, added to the average,
                                  // gives us an upper bound guess.

 protected:
  void set_padded_average(float avg)  { _padded_avg = avg;  }
  void set_deviation(float dev)       { _deviation  = dev;  }

 public:
  AdaptivePaddedAverage() :
    AdaptiveWeightedAverage(0),
    _padded_avg(0.0), _deviation(0.0), _padding(0) {}

  AdaptivePaddedAverage(unsigned weight, unsigned padding) :
    AdaptiveWeightedAverage(weight),
    _padded_avg(0.0), _deviation(0.0), _padding(padding) {}

  // Placement support
  void* operator new(size_t ignored, void* p) throw() { return p; }
  // Allocator
  void* operator new(size_t size) throw() { return CHeapObj<mtGC>::operator new(size); }

  // Accessor
  float padded_average() const         { return _padded_avg; }
  float deviation()      const         { return _deviation;  }
  unsigned padding()     const         { return _padding;    }

  void clear() {
    AdaptiveWeightedAverage::clear();
    _padded_avg = 0;
    _deviation = 0;
  }

  // Override
  void  sample(float new_sample);

  // Printing
  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;
  void print() const;
};

可以从代码和注释中我们发现：

加权平均值包括与平均值的偏差，其平均值加上其中的一些倍数。 这是对未来未知数的上限的最佳估计。

也就是通过这样的算法，虚拟机估算出下次分配可能会发生无法分配的问题，于是提前预测到可能的问题，提前发生一次full gc。

于是这次full gc就发生了！

那么你也许有疑问说[Full GC (Ergonomics) 的Ergonomics究竟是个什么东东？

Ergonomics翻译成中文，一般都是“人体工程学”。在JVM中的垃圾收集器中的Ergonomics就是负责自动的调解gc暂停时间和吞吐量之间的平衡，然后你的虚拟机性能更好的一种做法。

对于注重吞吐量的收集器来说，在某个generation被过渡使用之前，GC ergonomics就会启动一次GC。

正如我们前面提到的，发生本次full gc正是在使用Parallel Scavenge收集器的情况下发生的。

而Parallel Scavenge正是一款注重吞吐量的收集器：

Parallel Scavenge的目标是达到一个可控的吞吐量，吞吐量=程序运行时间/（程序运行时间+GC时间），如程序运行了99s，GC耗时1s，吞吐量=99/（99+1）=99%。Parallel Scavenge提供了两个参数用以精确控制吞吐量，分别是用以控制最大GC停顿时间的-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis及直接控制吞吐量的参数-XX:GCTimeRatio。

好，就到这里吧。

总之，以后遇到Full GC，不一定只有Allocation Failure，还有更多，比如本文中的“Ergonomics”。

原文地址

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1082687

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