使用raw input 代替全局键盘钩子

//关于raw input 请查看msdn https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms645536%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

//效率 比 键盘钩子高太多 ，但是BCB 中无法识别 RAWINPUTDEVICE  结构 和RAW相关的函数

// rawinput4.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "rawinput4.h"
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全局变量:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 当前实例
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                    // 标题栏文本
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主窗口类名
set<DWORD> keys;

//避免按住不放不停的响应keydown
bool IsInKeys(DWORD key)
{
    set<DWORD>::iterator itor =
        find(keys.begin(),keys.end(),key);

    bool result = false;
    if (itor == keys.end())
    {
        keys.insert(key);
        result = false;
    }
    else
    {
        result = true;
    }
    return result;
}
//松开的时候，将key从set中移除
void erasekey(DWORD key)
{
    keys.erase(key);
}

// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

void RegKeyboardRawInput(HWND hwnd)
{
    RAWINPUTDEVICE Rid[];
    Rid[].usUsagePage    = 0x01;
    Rid[].usUsage        = 0x06;
    Rid[].dwFlags        = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;//RIDEV_NOLEGACY;   // adds HID keyboard and also ignores legacy keyboard messages
    Rid[].hwndTarget    = hwnd;

  if (RegisterRawInputDevices(Rid, , sizeof(Rid[])) == FALSE) {
        MessageBox(NULL,L"注册raw input 失败！",L"注册 raw input",MB_OK+MB_ICONINFORMATION);
  }

}

int APIENTRY _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    MSG msg;
    HACCEL hAccelTable;

    // 初始化全局字符串
    LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadString(hInstance, IDC_RAWINPUT4, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 执行应用程序初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_RAWINPUT4));

    // 主消息循环:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}

//
//  函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目的: 注册窗口类。
//
//  注释:
//
//    仅当希望
//    此代码与添加到 Windows 95 中的“RegisterClassEx”
//    函数之前的 Win32 系统兼容时，才需要此函数及其用法。调用此函数十分重要，
//    这样应用程序就可以获得关联的
//    “格式正确的”小图标。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style            = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra        = ;
    wcex.cbWndExtra        = ;
    wcex.hInstance        = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon            = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_RAWINPUT4));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+);
    wcex.lpszMenuName    = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_RAWINPUT4);
    wcex.lpszClassName    = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}

//
//   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
//   注释:
//
//        在此函数中，我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
//        创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   HWND hWnd;

   hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中

   hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, , CW_USEDEFAULT, , NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   RegKeyboardRawInput(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目的: 处理主窗口的消息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND    - 处理应用程序菜单
//  WM_PAINT    - 绘制主窗口
//  WM_DESTROY    - 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    int wmId, wmEvent;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        wmId    = LOWORD(wParam);
        wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
        // 分析菜单选择:
        switch (wmId)
        {
        case IDM_ABOUT:
            DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
            break;
        case IDM_EXIT:
            DestroyWindow(hWnd);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        // TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage();
        break;
case WM_INPUT:
  {
      UINT dwSize;

      GetRawInputData((HRAWINPUT)lParam, RID_INPUT, NULL, &dwSize,
                      sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER));
      LPBYTE lpb = new BYTE[dwSize];
      if (lpb == NULL)
      {
          return ;
      } 

      if (GetRawInputData((HRAWINPUT)lParam, RID_INPUT, lpb, &dwSize,
           sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER)) != dwSize )
           OutputDebugString (TEXT("GetRawInputData doesn't return correct size !\n")); 

      RAWINPUT* raw = (RAWINPUT*)lpb;

      if (raw->header.dwType == RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD)
      {

          if ( raw->data.keyboard.Message == WM_KEYDOWN)
          {
              if (!IsInKeys(raw->data.keyboard.VKey))
              {
                  char keytext[] = {};
                  BYTE state[] = {};

                  //通过虚拟键盘码得到名字
                  ToAscii(raw->data.keyboard.VKey,raw->data.keyboard.MakeCode,state,(LPWORD)keytext ,);

                  char buf[] = {};

                  string s = "键盘按下 虚键码:"+ string(keytext);

                  MessageBoxA(NULL,s.c_str(),"键盘",MB_OK);
              }

          }

          if( raw->data.keyboard.Message == WM_KEYUP)
          {
              erasekey(raw->data.keyboard.VKey);
          }
      }

      delete[] lpb;
      return ;
  } 

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return ;
}

// “关于”框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}