自定义分布式RESTful API鉴权机制
微软利用OAuth2为RESTful API提供了完整的鉴权机制，但是可能微软保姆做的太完整了，在这个机制中指定了数据持久化的方法是用EF，而且对于用户、权限等已经进行了封装，对于系统中已经有了自己的用户表，和不是采用EF做持久化的系统来说限制太大，不自由，而且现实中很多情况下，授权服务器和资源服务器并不是同一个服务器，甚至数据库用的都不是同一个数据库，这种情况下直接利用微软的授权机制会有一定的麻烦，基于这种情况不如自己实现一套完整的分布式的鉴权机制。
自定义的鉴权机制中利用redis来缓存授权令牌信息，结构大体如下：
从图上可以看出，用户登录成功后的用户信息缓存在redis，用户带着令牌访问资源服务器时再对令牌进行解密，获取到key，然后就可以获取到用户信息，可以根据判断redis中是否有这个key来校验用户是否经过授权，大体思路就是这些，下边就是具体的代码实现
redis的操作帮助类，帮助类中实现了redis的读写分离
public class RedisBase
{
#if DEBUG
private static string[] ReadWriteHosts = { "127.0.0.1:6379" };
private static string[] ReadOnlyHosts = { "127.0.0.1:6379" };
#endif
#if !DEBUG
private static string[] ReadWriteHosts = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["RedisWriteHosts"].Split(new char[] { ';' });
private static string[] ReadOnlyHosts = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["RedisReadOnlyHosts"].Split(new char[] { ';' });
#endif #region -- 连接信息 --
public static PooledRedisClientManager prcm = CreateManager(ReadWriteHosts, ReadOnlyHosts); private static PooledRedisClientManager CreateManager(string[] readWriteHosts, string[] readOnlyHosts)
{
// 支持读写分离，均衡负载
return new PooledRedisClientManager(readWriteHosts, readOnlyHosts, new RedisClientManagerConfig
{
MaxWritePoolSize = , // “写”链接池链接数
MaxReadPoolSize = , // “读”链接池链接数
AutoStart = true,
});
}
#endregion
#region KEY #endregion #region -- Item String --
/// <summary>
/// 设置单体
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <param name="timeSpan"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Item_Set<T>(string key, T t)
{
try
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.Set<T>(key, t, new TimeSpan(, , ));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// LogInfo
}
return false;
}
public static int String_Append(string key, string value)
{
try
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.AppendToValue(key, value);
}
}
catch (Exception ex) { }
return ;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取单体
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Item_Get<T>(string key) where T : class
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
return redis.Get<T>(key);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 移除单体
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
public static bool Item_Remove(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.Remove(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据指定的Key，将值加1(仅整型有效)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long IncrementValue(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.IncrementValue(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据指定的Key，将值加上指定值(仅整型有效)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long IncrementValueBy(string key,int count)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.IncrementValueBy(key,count);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置过期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="time"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExpireEntryIn(string key, TimeSpan time)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.ExpireEntryIn(key, time);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置过期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="expireAt"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExpireEntryAt(string key, DateTime expireAt)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.ExpireEntryAt(key, expireAt);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 判断key是否已存在
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ContainsKey(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
return redis.ContainsKey(key);
}
}
#endregion #region -- List -- public static void List_Add<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
redisTypedClient.AddItemToList(redisTypedClient.Lists[key], t);
}
} public static bool List_Remove<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
return redisTypedClient.RemoveItemFromList(redisTypedClient.Lists[key], t) > ;
}
}
public static void List_RemoveAll<T>(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
redisTypedClient.Lists[key].RemoveAll();
}
} public static long List_Count(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
return redis.GetListCount(key);
}
} public static List<T> List_GetRange<T>(string key, int start, int count)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var c = redis.As<T>();
return c.Lists[key].GetRange(start, start + count - );
}
} public static List<T> List_GetList<T>(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var c = redis.As<T>();
return c.Lists[key].GetRange(, c.Lists[key].Count);
}
} public static List<T> List_GetList<T>(string key, int pageIndex, int pageSize)
{
int start = pageSize * (pageIndex - );
return List_GetRange<T>(key, start, pageSize);
} /// <summary>
/// 设置缓存过期
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="datetime"></param>
public static void List_SetExpire(string key, DateTime datetime)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
redis.ExpireEntryAt(key, datetime);
}
}
#endregion #region -- Set --
public static void Set_Add<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
redisTypedClient.Sets[key].Add(t);
}
}
public static bool Set_Contains<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
return redisTypedClient.Sets[key].Contains(t);
}
}
public static bool Set_Remove<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
var redisTypedClient = redis.As<T>();
return redisTypedClient.Sets[key].Remove(t);
}
}
#endregion #region -- Hash --
/// <summary>
/// 判断某个数据是否已经被缓存
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="dataKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Hash_Exist<T>(string key, string dataKey)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
return redis.HashContainsEntry(key, dataKey);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 存储数据到hash表
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="dataKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Hash_Set<T>(string key, string dataKey, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
string value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(t);
return redis.SetEntryInHash(key, dataKey, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除hash中的某值
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="dataKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Hash_Remove(string key, string dataKey)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.RemoveEntryFromHash(key, dataKey);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除整个hash
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="dataKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Hash_Remove(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.Remove(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 从hash表获取数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="dataKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Hash_Get<T>(string key, string dataKey)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
string value = redis.GetValueFromHash(key, dataKey);
return ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取整个hash的数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<T> Hash_GetAll<T>(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var list = redis.GetHashValues(key);
if (list != null && list.Count > )
{
List<T> result = new List<T>();
foreach (var item in list)
{
var value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item);
result.Add(value);
}
return result;
}
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置缓存过期
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="datetime"></param>
public static void Hash_SetExpire(string key, DateTime datetime)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
redis.ExpireEntryAt(key, datetime);
}
}
#endregion #region -- SortedSet --
/// <summary>
/// 添加数据到 SortedSet
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <param name="score"></param>
public static bool SortedSet_Add<T>(string key, T t, double score)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
string value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(t);
return redis.AddItemToSortedSet(key, value, score);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 为有序集 key 的成员 member 的 score 值加上增量 increment
/// 可以通过传递一个负数值 increment ，让 score 减去相应的值
/// 当 key 不存在，或 member 不是 key 的成员时， ZINCRBY key increment member 等同于 ZADD key increment member
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <param name="incrementBy"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double SortedSet_Zincrby<T>(string key,T t,double incrementBy)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
string value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(t);
return redis.IncrementItemInSortedSet(key, value, incrementBy);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回有序集 key 中，成员 member 的 score 值。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="t">member</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double SortedSet_ZSCORE<T>(string key,T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
string value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(t);
return redis.GetItemScoreInSortedSet(key, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除数据从SortedSet
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool SortedSet_Remove<T>(string key, T t)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
string value = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString<T>(t);
return redis.RemoveItemFromSortedSet(key, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 修剪SortedSet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="size">保留的条数</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long SortedSet_Trim(string key, int size)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
return redis.RemoveRangeFromSortedSet(key, size, );
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取SortedSet的长度
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long SortedSet_Count(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
return redis.GetSortedSetCount(key);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 按照由小到大排序获取SortedSet的分页数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
/// <param name="pageSize"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<T> SortedSet_GetList<T>(string key, int pageIndex, int pageSize)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var list = redis.GetRangeFromSortedSet(key, (pageIndex - ) * pageSize, pageIndex * pageSize - );
if (list != null && list.Count > )
{
List<T> result = new List<T>();
foreach (var item in list)
{
var data = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item);
result.Add(data);
}
return result;
}
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 按照由大到小顺序获取SortedSet的分页数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
/// <param name="pageSize"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<T> SortedSet_GetListDesc<T>(string key, int pageIndex, int pageSize)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var list = redis.GetRangeFromSortedSetDesc(key, (pageIndex - ) * pageSize, pageIndex * pageSize - );
if (list != null && list.Count > )
{
List<T> result = new List<T>();
foreach (var item in list)
{
var data = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item);
result.Add(data);
}
return result;
}
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 按照由大到小的顺序获取SortedSet包含分数的分页数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
/// <param name="pageSize"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IDictionary<T,double> SortedSet_GetListWidthScoreDesc<T>(string key, int pageIndex, int pageSize)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var list = redis.GetRangeWithScoresFromSortedSetDesc(key, (pageIndex - ) * pageSize, pageIndex * pageSize - );
if (list != null && list.Count > )
{
IDictionary<T,double> result = new Dictionary<T,double>();
foreach (var item in list)
{
var data = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item.Key);
result[data]=item.Value;
}
return result;
}
}
return null;
} /// <summary>
/// 获取SortedSet的全部数据
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
/// <param name="pageSize"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<T> SortedSet_GetListALL<T>(string key)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetReadOnlyClient())
{
var list = redis.GetRangeFromSortedSet(key, , );
if (list != null && list.Count > )
{
List<T> result = new List<T>();
foreach (var item in list)
{
var data = ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(item);
result.Add(data);
}
return result;
}
}
return null;
} /// <summary>
/// 设置缓存过期
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="datetime"></param>
public static void SortedSet_SetExpire(string key, DateTime datetime)
{
using (IRedisClient redis = prcm.GetClient())
{
redis.ExpireEntryAt(key, datetime);
}
}
#endregion
}
用户类UserInfo
public class UserInfo
{
}
用户管理类，在asp.net web api中添加一个用户管理类，用来管理用户信息
public class ApiUserManager
{
private HttpActionContext actionContext;
public ApiUserManager(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
this.actionContext = actionContext;
} private UserInfo _User;
/// <summary>
/// 当前用户
/// </summary>
public UserInfo User
{
get
{
if (_User==null)
{
string key = GetKey();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key) && RedisBase.ContainsKey(key))
{
_User = RedisBase.Item_Get<UserInfo>(key);
}
}
return _User;
}
} string GetKey()
{
if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Contains("Authorization"))
{
string base64Code = actionContext.Request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization").FirstOrDefault();
//code结构为：userid-UserAgent.MD5()-随机数-时间戳
string code = EncryptUtil.UnBase64(base64Code);
string[] para = code.Split(new[] { "-" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
string key = (para[] + para[] + para[]).MD5();
return key;
}
return string.Empty;
}
/// <summary>
/// 用户是否已经登录
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool ExistsLogin()
{
string base64Code = string.Empty;
if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Contains("Authorization"))
{
base64Code = actionContext.Request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization").FirstOrDefault();
}
if (base64Code.IsNull())
{
return false;
}
//code结构为：userid-UserAgent.MD5()-随机数-时间戳
string code = EncryptUtil.UnBase64(base64Code);
string[] para = code.Split(new[] { "-" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
if (para.Length != )
{
return false;
}
string key = (para[] + para[] + para[]).MD5();
if (!RedisBase.ContainsKey(key))
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 用户登录返回令牌
/// </summary>
/// <param name="user"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetUserToken(UserInfo user)
{
string uagin = actionContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.TryToString().MD5();
string rm = Utils.GenPsw(,);
long time = Utils.GetUnixTime();
string code = string.Format("{0}-{1}-{2}-{3}", user.ID, uagin, rm, time);
string token = EncryptUtil.Base64(code);
string key = (user.ID + uagin + time).MD5();
RedisBase.Item_Set(key,user);
RedisBase.ExpireEntryAt(key,DateTime.Now.AddDays());
return token;
}
/// <summary>
/// 刷新当前用户信息【修改用户信息后刷新用户信息到缓存中】
/// </summary>
public void RefreshUser()
{
string key = GetKey();
if (RedisBase.ContainsKey(key))
{
RedisBase.Item_Set(key,User);
}
}
}
获取授权接口【用户登录接口】，在授权接口中校验用户名密码，成功后将用户信息存入redis，产生令牌，并返回
public class AccountController : ApiController
{
UserInfoBll ubll = new UserInfoBll();
/// <summary>
/// 登录、根据用户名密码获取令牌
/// </summary>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
[Route("token")]
public JsonResult<string> Token(string username, string password)
{
JsonResult<string> result = new JsonResult<string>();
result.code = ;
result.msg = "OK";
UserInfo user = ubll.UserLogin(username, password);
if (user == null)
{
result.Result = "用户名或者密码错误";
}
else
{
ApiUserManager userManager = new ApiUserManager(ActionContext);
result.Result = userManager.GetUserToken(user);
result.code = ;
result.msg = "OK";
}
return result;
}
}
自定义webAPI的过滤器，在过滤器中校验用户是否已经登录，过滤器中还可以设置只能指定的UserAgent可以访问接口，这样就可以让不同的客户端在请求的时候自定义不同的UserAgent，并且可以限制浏览器访问，做到一定的安全性，针对客户端的限制除了利用UserAgent之外还可以在http请求头自定义一个ClientID，为每个客户端配备一个ID，在过滤器中校验ClientID是否合法即可
public class ApiActionFilterAttribute: ActionFilterAttribute
{
/// <summary>
/// 签名参数
/// </summary>
public string[] Signpara { get; set; } public string[] Cachepara { get; set; } private bool _IsCache = false;
public bool IsCache
{
get
{
return _IsCache;
}
set { _IsCache = value; }
} private bool _IsSigna = false;
public bool IsSigna
{
get { return _IsSigna; }
set { _IsSigna = value; }
} private bool _IsUrlDecode = false;
/// <summary>
/// 是否解码
/// </summary>
public bool IsUrlDecode
{
get { return _IsUrlDecode; }
set { _IsUrlDecode = value; }
} private ClientEnum _CheckClient = ClientEnum.NoCheck;
public ClientEnum CheckClient
{
get { return _CheckClient; }
set { _CheckClient = value; }
}
private bool _IsLogin;
/// <summary>
/// 是否登录
/// </summary>
public bool IsLogin
{
get
{
return _IsLogin;
}
set
{
_IsLogin = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 缓存超时时间
/// </summary>
public int TimeOut { get; set; } public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
JsonResult<string> result = new JsonResult<string>();
if (CheckClient == ClientEnum.WindowsClient && !actionContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.TryToString().Equals(SystemSet.WindowsClientUserAgent))
{
result.code = -;
result.msg = "illegal client";
//filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Status = HttpStatusCode.OK;
actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
return;
}
if (CheckClient == ClientEnum.WebClient && !actionContext.Request.Headers.UserAgent.TryToString().Equals(SystemSet.WebClientUserAgent))
{
result.code = -;
result.msg = "illegal client";
//filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Status = HttpStatusCode.OK;
actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
return;
}
if (IsLogin)
{
ApiUserManager userManager = new ApiUserManager(actionContext);
if (!userManager.ExistsLogin())
{
result.code = -;
result.msg = "illegal user";
actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
return;
}
}
base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
}
}
过滤器的使用可以针对单独一个接口进行限制，也可以针对一个控制器中的所有接口进行限制。
针对单独一个接口限制
/// <summary>
/// 获取当前登录用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet]
[Route("userinfo")]
[ApiActionFilterAttribute(IsLogin = true)]
public async Task<IHttpActionResult> Userinfo()
{
JsonResult<UserInfo> result = new JsonResult<UserInfo>();
result.code = ;
result.msg = "OK";
ApiUserManager userManager = new ApiUserManager(ActionContext);
result.Result = userManager.User;
return Ok(result);
}
针对整个控制器进行限制的话可以自定义一个控制器基类BaseApiController，所有需要验证用户登录的控制器继承它就可以
[DExceptionFilterAttribute]
[ApiActionFilterAttribute(IsLogin = true)]
public class BaseApiController: ApiController
{
private UserInfo _User;
/// <summary>
/// 当前登录用户
/// </summary>
public UserInfo User
{
get
{
if (_User==null)
{
ApiUserManager userManager = new ApiUserManager(this.ActionContext);
_User = userManager.User;
}
return _User;
}
}
}
至此授权和鉴权的机制基本已经完成，单独的资源服务器只需要使用公用的redis服务即可，而且redis也可以进行读写分离，就可以进行分布式部署。
项目源码地址：
https://github.com/liemei/asp.netOpenService.git
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