junit测试时，出现java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

课程设计要求进行junit测试，我是在已经做好的ssh项目上做的测试，测试类代码如下

package com.zhang.web.services;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;  

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;  

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:spring-beans.xml")
public class UserDAOTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests{
@Resource(name="userDAO")
private UserDAO userDAO;

public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {
this.userDAO = userDAO;
}

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}

@Test
public void testFindUser() {
assertEquals(userDAO.findUser(),null);
}

}

运行测试时，出现如下错误

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@a15856] to prepare test instance [com.zhang.web.services.UserDAOTest@aea288]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$.run(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$.schedule(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [spring-beans.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [spring-beans.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist

解决办法是，把spring-beans.xml配置文件复制到src目录下。

问题原因：本人一直认为eclipse的classpath包括web-inf目录，其实不然。我们可以打开web项目下的.classpath文件，其内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<classpath>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER/org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.launcher.StandardVMType/jre7">
<attributes>
<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="java"/>
</attributes>
</classpathentry>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.server.core.container/org.eclipse.jst.server.tomcat.runtimeTarget/Apache Tomcat v7.0">
<attributes>
<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="jst.web"/>
</attributes>
</classpathentry>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.j2ee.internal.module.container"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/spring3"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/struts"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/hibernate"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.JUNIT_CONTAINER/4"/>
<classpathentry kind="output" path="build/classes"/>
</classpath>

在这，我们并没有看到类路径包含web-inf目录。

假如我们往里边添加<classpathentry kind="src" path="WebContent/WEB-INF"/>

再重启eclipse，你会发现以上出现的问题不存在了，test类成功运行。