ORACLE opatch命令学习实践

  opatch 是ORACLE开发的用来安装，卸载，检测patch冲突、管理ORACLE所有已经安装的补丁的工具，当然这是一个命令工具。opatch命令工具一般位于$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/下，

1: 查看opatch帮助信息

一般可以用./opatch -help来查看帮助提示。不同版本的opatch的命令有所差异，通过help看到的信息估计有所出入。虽然opatch只有这几个命令，但是每个命令都有大量的参数，所以要完全掌握，还是需要花点时间去学习、实践。

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch -help
Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2
Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Usage: opatch [ -help ] [ -r[eport] ] [ command ]

            command := apply
                       lsinventory
                       napply
                       nrollback
                       rollback
                       query
                       version
                       prereq
                       util

<global_arguments> := -help       Displays the help message for the command.
                       -report     Print the actions without executing.

example:
   'opatch -help'
   'opatch apply -help'
   'opatch lsinventory -help'
   'opatch napply -help'
   'opatch nrollback -help'
   'opatch rollback -help'
   'opatch prereq -help'
   'opatch util -help'

OPatch succeeded.

ORACLE 10g Release 2 官方文档关于opatch介绍http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/em.102/b16227/oui8_opatch.htm ，里面关于opatch命令的介绍如下

Table 7-1 OPatch Commands

Command	Description
apply	Installs an interim patch. Refer to "apply Command" for more information.
napply	Installs n number of patches (hence napply). Refer to "napply Command" for more information.
auto	Applies Oracle Clusterware patches. Refer to "auto Command" for more information.
lsinventory	Lists what is currently installed on the system. Refer to "lsinventory Command" for more information.
query	Queries a given patch for specific details. Refer to "query Command" for more information.
rollback	Removes an interim patch. Refer to "rollback Command" for more information.
nrollback	Removes n number of patches (hence nrollback). Refer to "nrollback Command" for more information.
version	Prints the current version of the patch tool. Refer to "version Command" for more information.

关于opatch命令的详细文档信息其实可以查看 Users_Guide.txt & FAQ等

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ls

docs emdpatch.pl jlib opatch opatch.ini opatch.pl opatchprereqs

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ cd docs/

[oracle@DB-Server docs]$ ls

FAQ Prereq_Users_Guide.txt Users_Guide.txt

2:查看opatch版本信息

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch version

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

OPatch Version: 10.2.0.4.2

OPatch succeeded.

3:opatch 打补丁示例

以补丁p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip为例

Setp 1: 下载解压补丁文件

[oracle@DB-Server u04]$ unzip p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip

[oracle@DB-Server u04]$ cd 6074620/

Step 2: 关闭数据库实例

Step 3：查看补丁README.txt文件，了解注意事项

[oracle@DB-Server 6074620]$ more README.txt 

# 

#  WARNING: Failure to carefully read and understand these requirements may

#  result in your applying a patch that can cause  your Oracle Server to

#  malfunction, including interruption of service and/or loss of data. 

# 

#  If you do not meet all of the following requirements, please log an

#  iTAR, so that an Oracle Support Analyst may review your situation. The

#  Oracle analyst will help you determine if this patch is suitable for you

#  to apply to your system. We recommend that you avoid applying any

#  temporary patch unless directed by an Oracle Support Analyst who has

#  reviewed your system and determined that it is applicable. 

# 

#  Requirements: 

# 

#    - You must have located this patch via a Bug Database entry

#      and have the exact symptoms described in the bug entry. 

# 

#    - Your system configuration (Oracle Server version and patch

#      level, OS Version) must exactly match those in the bug

#      database entry - You must have NO OTHER PATCHES installed on

#      your Oracle Server since the latest patch set (or base release

#      x.y.z if you have no patch sets installed).

# 

#    - [Oracle 9.2.0.2 & above] You must have Perl 5.00503 (or later)

#      installed under the ORACLE_HOME, or elsewhere within the host

#      environment. OPatch is no longer included in patches as of 9.2.0.2.

#      Refer to the following link for details on Perl and OPatch:

#      http://metalink.oracle.com/metalink/plsql/ml2_documents.showDocument?p_database_id=NOT&p_id=189489.1

# 

#    - [IBM AIX O/S & Java patches for Oracle 9.2] 

#      In order to apply java class updates to IBM AIX based systems using 

#      java_131, you must update your java if you are running a version prior 

#      to Service Refresh build date 20030630a. This is 

#      necessary to fix IBM Defect#60472. 

# 

#      To identify which java build date you are on, enter the following 

#      command ; 

# 

#      > $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -fullversion 

#      ... example response ... 

#      java full version "J2RE 1.3.1 IBM AIX build ca131-20030630a" 

# 

#      The string ends in the date format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDa where 'a' 

#      indicates an updated release to the original build. You should always 

#      apply the latest AIX Java SDK 1.3.1  Service Update available from IBM. 

#      As a minimum, the above service refresh can be found under 

#      APAR IY47055. The signature for the updated JVM is ca131-20030630a. 

#      Information on the latest available fixes, as well as how to apply 

#      the APARs to your AIX systems, is available at the IBM Java site.

# 

#      If you are running AIX 5L, you can safely ignore any comment against

#      the APAR that says (AIXV43 only). The APAR is applicable to 

#      both AIX 4.3 and AIX 5L. 

# 

#      Once you have updated your java installation you need to copy these 

#      updated files to Oracle's copies in $ORACLE_HOME/jdk. 

#      As the Oracle owner, simply issue the following commands; 

# 

#      > cd /usr/java131 

#      > cp -fpR * $ORACLE_HOME/jdk 

# 

#

#  If you do NOT meet these requirements, or are not certain that you meet

#  these requirements, please log an iTAR requesting assistance with this

#  patch and Support will make a determination about whether you should

#  apply this patch. 

# 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#  Interim Patch for Base Bugs: 6074620 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#  DATE:  Thu Jan 29 22:43:53 2009

#  -------------------------------

#  Platform Patch for : Linux x86-64

#  Product Version #  : 10.2.0.4

#  Product Patched    : RDBMS

#

#  Bugs Fixed by this patch:

#  -------------------------

#  6074620:LGWR UNCONDITIONALLY WRITES TO TRACE FILE

#

#  Patch Installation Instructions:

#  --------------------------------

#  To apply the patch, unzip the PSE container file:

#

#  p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip

#

#  Set your current directory to the directory where the patch

#  is located:

#

#    % cd 6074620

#

#  Ensure that the directory containing the opatch script appears in

#  your $PATH; then enter the following command:

#

#    % opatch apply

#

#  Patch Special Instructions:

#  ---------------------------

#  Make sure all instances running under the ORACLE_HOME being patched

#  are cleanly shutdown before installing this patch. Also ensure that

#  the tool used to terminate the instance(s) has exited cleanly.

#

#  If the Oracle inventory is not setup correctly this utility will

#  fail. To check accessibility to the inventory you can use the

#  command

#

#    % opatch lsinventory

#

#  If you have any problems installing this PSE or are not sure

#  about inventory setup please call Oracle support.

#

#  Patch Deinstallation Instructions:

#  ----------------------------------

#  Use the following command:

#

#    % cd 6074620

#    % opatch rollback -id 6074620

#

Setp 4: opatch打补丁

[oracle@DB-Server 6074620]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-11_17-02-01PM.log

ApplySession applying interim patch '6074620' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1'

Running prerequisite checks...

OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local system only.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.

(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]

Could not recognize input. Please re-enter.

y

User Responded with: Y

Backing up files and inventory (not for auto-rollback) for the Oracle Home

Backing up files affected by the patch '6074620' for restore. This might take a while...

Backing up files affected by the patch '6074620' for rollback. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...

Updating archive file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kcrr.o"

Running make for target ioracle

ApplySession adding interim patch '6074620' to inventory

Verifying the update...

Inventory check OK: Patch ID 6074620 is registered in Oracle Home inventory with proper meta-data.

Files check OK: Files from Patch ID 6074620 are present in Oracle Home.

The local system has been patched and can be restarted.

OPatch succeeded.

5:opatch 查看补丁情况

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinventory

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-11_17-04-41PM.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-04-11_17-04-41PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Installed Top-level Products (2): 

Oracle Database 10g 10.2.0.1.0

Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 3 10.2.0.4.0

There are 2 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (1) :

Patch 6074620 : applied on Fri Apr 11 17:03:10 CST 2014

Created on 29 Jan 2009, 22:44:17 hrs US/Pacific

Bugs fixed:

6074620

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

6:opatch 卸载补丁

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch rollback -id 9264253

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-15_09-01-41AM.log

RollbackSession rolling back interim patch '9264253' from OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1'

Running prerequisite checks...

OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local system only.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.

(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]

y

User Responded with: Y

Backing up files affected by the patch '9264253' for restore. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...

Updating archive file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ksu.o"

Running make for target ioracle

RollbackSession removing interim patch '9264253' from inventory

The local system has been patched and can be restarted.

OPatch succeeded.

参考资料：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/em.102/b16227/oui8_opatch.htm

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5809526