linux下搭建SVN服务器完全手册

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/wrmfw/archive/2011/09/08/2170465.html

系统环境
        RHEL5.4最小化安装(关iptables,关selinux) + ssh + yum

一，安装必须的软件包.
        1. yum install subversion (SVN服务器)
                    mysql-server (用于codestriker)
                    httpd mod_dav_svn mod_perl (用于支持WEB方式管理SVN服务器)
                    sendmail (用于配置用户提交代码后发邮件提醒)
                    wget gcc-c++ make unzip perl* (必备软件包)
                    ntsysv vim-enhanced (可选)

　　2.添加环境变量:

1	vi /etc/profile

　　在文件最后加入:
　　SVNPATH=$PATH:/opt/subversion/bin
　　export SVNPATH

　　3. 测试SVN是否安装成功,执行:

1	svnserve --version

　　如果显示版本信息, 则安装成功.

二，基本的SVN服务器配置
        1，新建一个目录用于存储SVN所有文件
                # mkdir /home/svn

2，新建一个版本仓库
                # svnadmin create /home/svn/project

3，初始化版本仓库中的目录
                # mkdir project project/server project/client project/test (建立临时目录)
                # svn import project/ file:///home/svn/project -m "初始化SVN目录"
                # rm -rf project (删除临时建立的目录)

4，添加用户
                要添加SVN用户非常简单，只需在/home/svn/project/conf/passwd文件添加一个形如“username=password"的条目就可以了.为了测试，我添加了如下内容:
                [users]
                # harry = harryssecret
                # sally = sallyssecret
                pm = pm_pw
                server_group = server_pw
                client_group = client_pw
                test_group = test_pw

5，修改用户访问策略
                /home/svn/project/conf/authz记录用户的访问策略，以下是参考:
                        [groups]
                        project_p = pm
                        project_s = server_group
                        project_c = client_group
                        project_t = test_group
                        
                        [project:/]
                        @project_p = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/server]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/client]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        * =
                        
                        [project:/doc]
                        @project_p = rw
                        @project_s = rw
                        @project_c = rw
                        @project_t = rw
                        * =
                以上信息表示，只有pm有根目录的读写权，server_group能访问server目录，client_group能访问client目录，所有人都可以访问doc目录.

6，修改svnserve.conf文件,让用户和策略配置升效.
                svnserve.conf内容如下:
                        [general]
                        anon-access = none
                        auth-access = write
                        password-db = /home/svn/project/conf/passwd
                        authz-db = /home/svn/project/conf/authz

7，启动服务器
                # svnserve -d -r /home/svn

8，测试服务器
                # svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root': 
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: server_group
                Password for 'server_group': 
                svn: Authorization failed ( server_group没用根目录的访问权 )

# svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Password for 'root': 
                Authentication realm: <svn://192.168.60.10:3690> 92731041-2dae-4c23-97fd-9e1ed7f0d18d
                Username: pm
                Password for 'pm': 
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 1.  ( 测试提取成功 )

# cd project/server
                # vim main.c
                # svn add main.c 
                # svn commit main.c -m "测试一下我的C程序,看什么看,不行啊??"
                Adding         main.c
                Transmitting file data .
                Committed revision 2.  ( 测试提交成功 )
　　　　9, 关注防火墙

　　　　　　（1） 重启后永久性生效：   开启：chkconfig iptables on   关闭：chkconfig iptables off   （2） 即时生效，重启后失效：   开启：service iptables start   关闭：service iptables stop

　　　　10.开机启动时自动运行程序
  　　　　　　  Linux加载后, 它将初始化硬件和设备驱动,然后运行第一个进程init。init根据配置文件继续引导过程，启动其它进程。通常情况下，修改放置在 /etc/rc或 /etc/rc.d 或/etc/rc?.d 目录下的脚本文件，可以使init自动启动其它程序。例如：编辑 　　　　　　　　　　　/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件，在文件最末加上一行"xinit"或"startx"，可以在开机启动后直接进入X－Window。
三，配置SVN服务器的HTTP支持
        1，转换SVN服务器的密码
                由于SVN服务器的密码是明文的，HTTP服务器不与支持，所以需要转换成HTTP支持的格式。我写了一个Perl脚本完成这个工作.
                脚本内容如下:
                # cd /home/svn/project/conf/
                # cat PtoWP.pl 
                #!/usr/bin/perl
                # write by huabo, 2009-11-20
                
                use warnings;
                use strict;
                
                #open the svn passwd file
                open (FILE, "passwd") or die ("Cannot open the passwd file!!!\n");
                
                #clear the apache passwd file
                open (OUT_FILE, ">webpasswd") or die ("Cannot open the webpasswd file!!!\n");
                close (OUT_FILE);
                
                #begin
                foreach (<FILE>) {
                    if($_ =~ m/^[^#].*=/) {
                        $_ =~ s/=//;
                        `htpasswd -b webpasswd $_`;
                    }
                }

# ./PtoWP.pl ( 先给该脚本加可执行权限，然后执行以转换密码 )
                Adding password for user pm
                Adding password for user server_group
                Adding password for user client_group
                Adding password for user test_group
                现在目录下会多一个webpasswd文件。

2，修改httpd.conf，添加关于SVN服务器的内容
                编辑/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf，在最后添加如下信息:
                <Location /project>
                    DAV svn
                    SVNPath /home/svn/project/
                    AuthType Basic
                    AuthName "svn for project" 
                    AuthUserFile /home/svn/project/conf/webpasswd 
                    AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/svn/project/conf/authz
                    Satisfy all
                    Require valid-user
                </Location>

3，启动HTTPD服务器
                # service httpd restart
                Stopping httpd:                                            [FAILED]
                Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

4，用浏览器访问http://192.168.60.10/project/server/测试
                测试结果如下图所示：

( 测试成功 )

四，配置邮件提醒支持
        1，安装Perl模块Module::Build
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DA/DAGOLDEN/Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Module-Build-0.36_11.tar.gz 
                # cd Module-Build-0.36_11
                # perl Build.PL 
                # ./Build 
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

2，安装Perl模块Authen::SASL
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GB/GBARR/Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Authen-SASL-2.15.tar.gz 
                # cd Authen-SASL-2.15
                # perl Makefile.PL 
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

3，安装Perl模块Net::SMTP_auth
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AP/APLEINER/Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz
                # tar xvf Net-SMTP_auth-0.08.tar.gz 
                # cd Net-SMTP_auth-0.08
                # perl Makefile.PL 
                # make test
                # make install
                # cd ..

4，安装Perl模块SVN::Notify
                # wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz
                # tar xvf SVN-Notify-2.80.tar.gz 
                # cd SVN-Notify-2.80
                # perl Build.PL 
                # ./Build 
                # ./Build test
                # ./Build install
                # cd ..

5，启动邮件服务器
                # service sendmail restart
                Shutting down sendmail:                                    [FAILED]
                Starting sendmail:                                         [  OK  ]
                Starting sm-client:                                        [  OK  ]

6，配置自动发邮件脚本
                修改post-commit脚本,以支持邮件通知功能.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim post-commit
                内容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
                
                /usr/bin/svnnotify --repos-path "$1" --revision "$2" --to caodaijun@pica.com --from caodaijun@feinno.com --handler "HTML::ColorDiff"  --with-diff --smtp localhost --smtp-user root --smtp-pass 5201314318 -c "UTF-8" -g zh_CN -o raw --svnlook /usr/bin/svnlook --subject-prefix '[SVN Update]'
                (to参数代表接收邮件的地址，可以有多个，当你有多个老大的时候，这就很重要了，：）。from参数是虚拟的，代表你的发送地址，一般情况下，这个参数 不重要，但如果接收者的邮件服务器有反垃圾邮件的功能，需要判定源地址的话，这个参数是否合法就显得很重要了)
                再给该脚本添加可执行权限
                # chmod +x post-commit

7，再次提交时，就会给指定邮件地址发信了。
                如下图所示:

五，其它常用配置 
        1，强制写log脚本
                配置pre-commit文件，要求用户每次更新文件都必须写log.
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-commit
                文件内容如下:
                #!/bin/sh
                REPOS="$1"
                TXN="$2"
                SVNLOOK=/usr/bin/svnlook
                LOGMSG=`$SVNLOOK log -t "$TXN" "$REPOS" | grep "[a-zA-Z0-9]" | wc -c`
                if [ "$LOGMSG" -lt 5(要求的log长度，依实际需要修改) ];
                then
                 echo -e "\nEmpty log message not allowed. Commit aborted!" 1>&2
                 exit 1
                fi

配置完成后，给本件加上可执行权限。再提交代码时，就必须按要求写注释了，：）

2，可修改log脚本
                配置pre-revprop-change文件，此文件在show log中修改log时会运行，得到修改的权限，否则会报错:DAV request failed; it's possible that the repository's pre-revprop-change hook either failed or is non-existent. At least one property change failed; repository is unchanged
                # cd /home/svn/project/hooks/
                # vim pre-revprop-change
                文件内容如下:
                REPOS="$1"
                REV="$2"
                USER="$3"
                PROPNAME="$4"
                if ["$PROPNAME" = "svn:log"];then exit 0;fi
                exit 1

配置完后加可执行权限升效。

六，备份管理
        svn服务器的定期备份是很重要的，最简单的方式是定时备份仓库目录。
        1，新建备份目录
                # mkdir /opt/project_backup

2，编写备份脚本
                # cd /home/svn/
                # vim project_backup.sh

内容如下:
                #!/bin/bash
                #write by huabo, 2009-11-20
                
                cd /home/svn
                now=`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`
                /bin/tar czvf "project_backup_$now.tar.gz" project/ && rm -rf /opt/project_backup/* && /bin/mv project_backup_*.tar.gz /opt/project_backup/
                if [ $? == 0 ]
                then
                    result="OK!!"
                else
                    result="False!!"
                fi
                
                #send mail to administrator
                /bin/mail caodaijun@pica.com -s "project_backup_$now" <<MESSAGE
                Result: `/bin/echo $result`
                MESSAGE

给该脚本添加可执行权限。

3，设定每天定时执行该脚本.
                # crontab -e
                输入如下内容:
                0 23 * * * /home/svn/project_backup.sh
                表示每天晚上23点运行此脚本。

经过以上三步操作，就可以自动备份SVN资料了，且不论备份是否成功，都会给用户发送邮件信息。

七，用svnstat分析SVN数据.
        1，安装JAVA
        svnstat是JAVA应用程序，需要先安装JAVA环境。
        下载jre，URL: http://javadl.sun.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=39484
        安装:
                # chmod +x jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin 
                # ./jre-6u20-linux-i586-rpm.bin

2，下载svnstat
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/svnstat/svnstat/Release-1.0/SvnStat-1.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip SvnStat-1.0.zip

3，更新代码
                # pwd
                /root

# svn co svn://192.168.60.10/project
                A    project/test
                A    project/server
                A    project/server/main.c
                A    project/client
                Checked out revision 5.

4，生成svnstat数据
                # svn log project -v --xml --non-interactive > project.log
                # cd SvnStat-1.0
                # java -classpath SvnStat-all.jar de.agentlab.svnstat.SvnStat -jar SvnStat-all.jar -r /root/project.log -d /var/www/html/

5，用浏览器登录即可看到许多统计出来的图表。大致如下图所示：

(俺的测试代码很少，生成的图不成样子，拿官方的图来充当一下，：）)

八，用statsvn分析SVN数据
        1，下载statsvn
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/statsvn/statsvn/0.7.0/statsvn-0.7.0.zip?use_mirror=jaist
                # unzip statsvn-0.7.0.zip 
                # cd statsvn-0.7.0

2，生成statsvn数据
                # mkdir /var/www/html/statsvn
                # java -jar statsvn.jar -verbose -output-dir /var/www/html/statsvn/ /root/project.log /root/project

3，用浏览器测测试效果如下图：

九，配置codestriker.
        1.安装codestriker依赖的perl包.
                # perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Template"'
        
        2.下载codestriker
                # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/codestriker/codestriker/1.9.10/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz?use_mirror=jaist&ts=1279246587
                # mkdir /var/www/codestriker
                # cd /var/www/codestriker
                # tar xvf /path/codestriker-1.9.10.tar.gz 
                # chown -R apache.apache codestriker-1.9.10
                
        3.配置数据库
                # service mysqld restart
                # mysql -uroot mysql
                    执行:
                        CREATE DATABASE codestrikerdb CHARACTER SET utf8;
                        GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES ON codestrikerdb.* TO codestriker@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cspasswd';
                        FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
                        quit
        
        4.配置codestriker
                # cd codestriker-1.9.10/
                # vim codestriker.conf
                    注意以下几点(详细可查看codestriker的安装文档)
                    a.数据库的用户名密码要配对
                    b.svn的数据仓库要配对，我的如下：
                         @valid_repositories =
                             (
                              'svn:file:///home/svn/project',
                             )
        
        5.执行codestriker的安装脚本
                # cd bin/
                # ./install.pl
        
        6.配置http支持
                # vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
                    在最后面加上如下内容:
                        Alias /codestriker/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/cgi-bin/
                        Alias /codestrikerhtml/  /var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/html/
                        
                        <Directory "/var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/cgi-bin/">
                           SetHandler perl-script
                           PerlHandler ModPerl::Registry
                           Options +ExecCGI
                        </Directory>
                        
                        <Directory "/var/www/codestriker/codestriker-1.9.10/html/">
                           AllowOverride None
                           Allow from all
                        </Directory>
        
        7.重启HTTP服务器
                # service httpd restart 
        
        8.在浏览器中输入http://192.168.60.10/codestriker/codestriker.pl即可访问，如下图：

十，总结
                总结个CC。