IDEA 通过Maven创建Spring MVC项目搭建

概述

　　本篇随笔主要记录内容如下：

1、通过Maven创建基于Spring Framework类库的MVC项目，免去了繁琐的XML配置；

2、在Idea里面配置Tomcat的测试启动项；

Maven创建MVC项目

　　2.1、新建Maven项目：New Project-->Maven

　　2.2、修改配置

配置pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.wisely</groupId>
    <artifactId>hightlight_springmvc4</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.7</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <!--web-->
        <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <servlet.version>3.1.</servlet.version>
        <!--spring-->
        <spring-framwork.version>4.1..RELEASE</spring-framwork.version>
        <!--Logging-->
        <logback.version>1.0.</logback.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.</slf4j.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax</groupId>
            <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
            <version>7.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring MVC-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-framwork.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--WEB依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${servlet.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jsp.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring and Transactions-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-framwork.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--使用SLF4J和LogBack作为日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

　　在src/main/resources新建logback.xml来配置日志

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">

    <contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
        <resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
    </contextListener>

    <jmxConfigurator/>

    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>logbak: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/> <!--  -->
    <root level="info">
        <appender-ref ref="console"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

　　在src/main/resources新建views文件夹，在src/main/resources/views新建index.jsp文件

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <pr>
        Welcome to Spring Mvc World
    </pr>
</body>
</html>

　　PS（右键views新建的时候并没有jsp类型，需要将views设置为web路径。Project Structure-->Modules-->选择web，设置Web Resource Directory）

　　2.3、新建代码块

新建MvcConfig文件，用于配置MVC的映射规则，主要使用的InternalResourceViewResolver 类;PS：通过Package，查找新建的类的路径

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4")
public class MyMVCConfig {

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver=new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        return  viewResolver;
    }
}

　　 新建WebInitializer继承WebApplicationInitializer，重写里面OnStartUp方法。在WEB中，我们使用AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext，代码如下

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        context.register(MyMVCConfig.class);
        context.setServletContext(servletContext);

        Dynamic servlet=servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(context));
        servlet.addMapping("/");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup();

    }
}

　　新建HelloController

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4.web;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String hello(){
        return "index";
    }
}

Idea里面配置Tomcat

　　3.1、选择Edit Configration,设置Tomcat

　　3.2、设置Deployment,选择"+"之后，选择Artifacts

PS：war模式—-将WEB工程以包的形式上传到服务器 ；war exploded模式—-将WEB工程以当前文件夹的位置关系上传到服务器

　　3.3、设置Server内容项

启动项目RunTomcat即可，输入 http://localhost:8009/H99/即可访问页面信息

get中文乱码

项目中遇到在前台用get方法传递中文到后台拿到的是乱码问题，花了好长时间解决，

下面是解决办法：

1、在IDEA编辑器里的编码格式都改成utf-8。

2、Get方式的乱码问题，由于参数是通过URL传递的，需要在服务器端配置URL编码格式。

注意，IDEA是没法编辑server.xml文件的，需要我们手动编辑文件。

在D:\tolls\apache-tomcat-7.0.64\conf下，修改tomcat的配置文件server.xml：
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

只需增加 URIEncoding="UTF-8" 这一句，然后重启tomcat即可。

Post中文乱码

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.util.EnumSet;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        context.register(MyMVCConfig.class);
        context.setServletContext(servletContext);

        //Post中文编码乱码
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter=new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
        FilterRegistration.Dynamic filter=servletContext.addFilter("characterEncodingFilter",characterEncodingFilter);
        filter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), true, "/*"); //映射Filter
        //数据启动
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet=servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(context));
        servlet.addMapping("/");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup();
        //开启异步方法处理
        servlet.setAsyncSupported(true);

    }
}

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