使用Maven创建一个Spring MVC Web 项目

使用Maven创建java web 项目(Spring MVC)用到如下工具:

1、Maven 3.2

2、IntelliJ IDEA 13

3、JDK 1.7

4、Spring 4.1.1 released

5、Tomcat7

6、Logback 1.0.13 日志输出组件

接下来开始演示如何用Maven模板创建web项目

1、使用maven-archetype-webapp模板快速创建web项目的骨架结构

打开控制台，进入到你想要创建web项目的目录，然后运行如下命令：

 $ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.yanyd
     -DartifactId=CounterWebApp
     -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
     -DinteractiveMode=false

一个名为CounterWebApp的项目就被创建起来了，标准的web目录结构就会被自动创建，结构如下：

 |____CounterWebApp
 | |____pom.xml
 | |____src
 | | |____main
 | | | |____resources
 | | | |____webapp
 | | | | |____index.jsp
 | | | | |____WEB-INF
 | | | | | |____web.xml

源码包java/com/yanyd并不会自动创建，需要我们自己手动创建，然后将在IDEA中将该目录变成src目录。

2、使用命令mvn idea:idea 把该项目变成IDEA支持的项目，然后导入中IDEA中进行编程。

接下来要在pom.xml文件中配置项目依赖的文件和编译、部署插件，内容如下：

 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.yanyd</groupId>
   <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <properties>
       <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
       <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
       <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
       <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
       <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
       <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>${junit.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>

     <!--spring core-->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
           <version>${spring.version}</version>
           <exclusions>
               <exclusion>
                   <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                   <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
               </exclusion>
           </exclusions>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
           <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
           <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
           <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
           <version>${logback.version}</version>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
           <version>${spring.version}</version>
       </dependency>

       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
           <version>${spring.version}</version>
       </dependency>

       <!-- jstl -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>jstl</groupId>
           <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
           <version>${jstl.version}</version>
       </dependency>

   </dependencies>
   <build>
     <!--最终生成的war文件名-->
     <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName>
     <plugins>

         <!-- Set JDK Compiler Level -->
         <plugin>
             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.2</version>
             <configuration>
                 <source>${jdk.version}</source>
                 <target>${jdk.version}</target>
             </configuration>
         </plugin>

         <!-- For Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
         <plugin>
             <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
             <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>2.2</version>
             <configuration>
                 <!--Deploy to server-->
                 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
                 <server>Tomcat7Server</server>
                 <path>/CounterWebApp</path>
             </configuration>
         </plugin>
     </plugins>
   </build>
 </project>

3、编写源文件，测试Spring MVC框架是否正常，最终的文件结构如下：

 |____pom.xml
 |____src
 | |____main
 | | |____java
 | | | |____com
 | | | | |____yanyd
 | | | | | |____controller
 | | | | | | |____BaseController.java
 | | |____resources
 | | | |____logback.xml
 | | |____webapp
 | | | |____WEB-INF
 | | | | |____mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
 | | | | |____pages
 | | | | | |____index.jsp
 | | | | |____web.xml

开始写Spring MVC控制类，BaseController.java:

 package com.yanyd.controller;

 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

 /**
  * Created by Administrator on 15-1-31.
  */
 /*There must be a Controller annotation or the application will doesn't work .*/
 @Controller
 public class BaseController {
     private static int counter=0;
     private static final String VIEW_INDEX="index";
     private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseController.class);

     @RequestMapping(value = "/" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String welcome(ModelMap model){
         model.addAttribute("message","Welcome");
         model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);
         logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);
         return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp
     }

     @RequestMapping(value = "/{name}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String welcome(@PathVariable String name , ModelMap model){
         model.addAttribute("message","Welcome "+name);
         model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);
         logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);
         return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp
     }
 }

有一点要注意的就是Controller注解一定写，否则部署后访问时会出现404，一直找不到问题在哪！

接着写Spring的配置文件，mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml:

 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

     <context:component-scan base-package="com.yanyd.controller"/>
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
         <property name="prefix">
             <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
         </property>
         <property name="suffix">
             <value>.jsp</value>
         </property>
     </bean>
 </beans>

最后要在web.xml文件中把Spring框架集成进来并配置监听器：

 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
           http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
          version="2.5">

     <display-name>Counter  Web  Application </display-name>

     <servlet>
         <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
         <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
         <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
     </servlet>
     <servlet-mapping>
         <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
         <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>

     <context-param>
         <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
         <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
     </context-param>

     <listener>
         <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
     </listener>
 </web-app>

为了避免我们的jsp文件被直接访问，需要在WEB-INF目录下创建一个pages目录，并把jsp文件放入里面，index.jsp内容如下：

 <html>
 <body>
 <h1>Maven + Spring MVC Web Project Example</h1>
 <h2>Hello World!</h2>
 <h3>Message:${message}</h3>
 <h3>Counter:${counter}</h3>
 </body>
 </html>

为了让日志输出组件起作用，还需在resources目录下创建一个日志输出的配置文件logback.xml：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <configuration>

     <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
         <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">

             <Pattern>
                 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
             </Pattern>

         </layout>
     </appender>

     <logger name="com.yanyd.controller" level="debug"
             additivity="false">
         <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
     </logger>

     <root level="error">
         <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
     </root>

  </configuration>

4、部署web项目

方法1：mvn package，把生成的war文件部署到tomcat里。

方法2：mvn idea:idea，把项目转成支持IDEA的项目后直接在IDEA中部署。

方法3：mvn tomcat:run，如果已经在pom文件里配置了tomcat部署插件，直接运行该命令，会把项目部署到8080端口。

5、访问项目

http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/

http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/yanyd

如果内容正常输出，那么就是部署成功，项目结构也没问题！