Linux添加新盘扩容空间

添加磁盘扩容操作：

1、添加物理磁盘到服务器重启服务器，#fdisk -l查看识别磁盘（以/dev/sdb为例）

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0006a7c5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             287        5222    39640064   83  Linux

disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 gb, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2、添加分区

[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) 1116.www.qixoo.qixoo.com and change display units to

         sectors (command ‘u‘).

Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition     （删除分区）

   l   list known partition types

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition    （新建分区）

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table       （显示分区信息）

   q   quit without saving changes     （不保存退出）

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition‘s system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit   （保存退出）

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

   

#用"n"新建分区选择"p"主分区，在这里可以新建三个主分区剩下的可以建成扩展分区 选择“e”扩展分区

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended                 （扩展分区）

   p   primary partition (1-4)  （主分区）

1

Invalid partition number for type `1‘

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p                                 （p为新建主分区）

Partition number (1-4): 1         （主分区号）

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G   （给主分区分配2G空间）

Command (m for help): p            （打印出配置的分区信息）

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux        （已经分配好的分区）

 

一般是先建三个主分区再有需求在建剩下空间的扩展分区

新建三个主分区和两个扩展分区并且保存退出

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2             263         524     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb3             525         786     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4             787        2610    14651280    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5             787         918     1060258+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6             919        1050     1060258+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

3、使分区生效

[ ~]# partprobe    （强制让内核重新找一次分区表）

4、查看新建分区

[ ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xbf76d5e8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2             263         524     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb3             525         786     2104515   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4             787        2610    14651280    5  Extended

/dev/sdb5             787         918     1060258+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6             919        1050     1060258+  83  Linux

5、格式化分区

[ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

17 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7744 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

正在写入inode表: 完成                            

Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2

[ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb3

[ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5

[ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6   （剩下的分区都格式化）

6、新建挂载目录并且挂载到系统上

[ ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb1

[ ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb2

[ ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb3

[ ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb5

[ ~]# mkdir -p /sdb/sdb6

[ ~]# ls /sdb

sdb1  sdb2  sdb3  sdb5  sdb6

[ ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb/sdb1

[ ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /sdb/sdb2

[ ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /sdb/sdb3

[ ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /sdb/sdb5

[ ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /sdb/sdb6

7、修改配置文件设置开机自动挂载

[ ~]# vi /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Fri Oct 14 22:27:19 2016

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=bd82cad1-2b0a-4984-9846-06e690b1fdad /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

UUID=6d8f8e24-7849-4ad9-af35-7e8fb71eb7ec /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2

UUID=dc268ee4-ba91-471f-9acf-94d0a2658083 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb1               /sdb/sdb1               ext3    defaults        0 0   （新添加挂载选项）

/dev/sdb2               /sdb/sdb2               ext3    defaults        0 0   （defaults都是00）

/dev/sdb3               /sdb/sdb3               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb5               /sdb/sdb5               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb6               /sdb/sdb6               ext3    defaults        0 0

8、重启服务器生效，并查看分区结果

[ ~]# reboot

[ ~]# df -hT

Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3      ext3    38G  7.7G   28G  22% /

tmpfs          tmpfs  495M     0  495M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1      ext3   194M   30M  155M  17% /boot

/dev/sdb1      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb1

/dev/sdb2      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb2

/dev/sdb3      ext3   2.0G   68M  1.9G   4% /sdb/sdb3

/dev/sdb5      ext3  1020M   34M  935M   4% /sdb/sdb5

/dev/sdb6      ext3  1020M   34M  935M   4% /sdb/sdb6

扩容成功。

备注：1、这是在虚拟机上自己实验操作的，所以一块盘的空间20G在真正的工作环境中扩充的盘都是几百G甚至好几个T的；

2、Linux上还有一个伸缩性更好的为服务器扩容的方法即LVM，更灵活操作也很简单。