18.12 Given an NxN matrix of positive and negative integers, write code to find the submatrix with the largest possible sum.

这道求和最大的子矩阵,跟LeetCode上的Maximum Size Subarray Sum Equals kMaximum Subarray很类似。这道题不建议使用brute force的方法,因为实在是不高效,我们需要借鉴上面LeetCode中的建立累计和矩阵的思路,我们先来看这道题的第一种解法,由于建立好累计和矩阵,那么我们通过给定了矩阵的左上和右下两个顶点的坐标可以在O(1)的时间内快速的求出矩阵和,所以我们要做的就是遍历矩阵中所有的子矩阵,然后比较其矩阵和,返回最大的即可,时间复杂度为O(n4)。

解法一:

vector<vector<int>> precompute(vector<vector<int>> &matrix) {
vector<vector<int>> sumMatrix = matrix;
for (int i = ; i < matrix.size(); ++i) {
for (int j = ; j < matrix[i].size(); ++j) {
if (i == && j == ) {
sumMatrix[i][j] = matrix[i][j];
} else if (j == ) {
sumMatrix[i][j] = sumMatrix[i - ][j] + matrix[i][j];
} else if (i == ) {
sumMatrix[i][j] = sumMatrix[i][j - ] + matrix[i][j];
} else {
sumMatrix[i][j] = sumMatrix[i - ][j] + sumMatrix[i][j - ] - sumMatrix[i - ][j - ] + matrix[i][j];
}
}
}
return sumMatrix;
} int compute_sum(vector<vector<int>> &sumMatrix, int i1, int i2, int j1, int j2) {
if (i1 == && j1 == ) {
return sumMatrix[i2][j2];
} else if (i1 == ) {
return sumMatrix[i2][j2] - sumMatrix[i2][j1 - ];
} else if (j1 == ) {
return sumMatrix[i2][j2] - sumMatrix[i1 - ][j2];
} else {
return sumMatrix[i2][j2] - sumMatrix[i2][j1 - ] - sumMatrix[i1 - ][j2] + sumMatrix[i1 - ][j1 - ];
}
} int get_max_matrix(vector<vector<int>> &matrix) {
int res = INT_MIN;
vector<vector<int>> sumMatrix = precompute(matrix);
for (int r1 = ; r1 < matrix.size(); ++r1) {
for (int r2 = r1; r2 < matrix.size(); ++r2) {
for (int c1 = ; c1 < matrix[].size(); ++c1) {
for (int c2 = c1; c2 < matrix[].size(); ++c2) {
int sum = compute_sum(sumMatrix, r1, r2, c1, c2);
res = max(res, sum);
}
}
}
}
return res;
}

其实这道题的解法还能进一步优化到O(n3),根据LeetCode中的那道Maximum Subarray的解法,我们可以对一维数组求最大子数组的时间复杂度优化到O(n),那么我们可以借鉴其的思路,由于二维数组中遍历所有的列数相等的子矩阵的时间为O(n2),每一行的遍历是O(n),所以整个下来的时间复杂度即为O(n3),参见代码如下:

解法二:

int max_subarray(vector<int> &array) {
int res = , sum = ;
for (int i = ; i < array.size(); ++i) {
sum += array[i];
res = max(res, sum);
sum = max(sum, );
}
return res;
} int max_submatrix(vector<vector<int>> &matrix) {
if (matrix.empty() || matrix[].empty()) return ;
int res = ;
for (int r1 = ; r1 < matrix.size(); ++r1) {
vector<int> sum(matrix[].size());
for (int r2 = r1; r2 < matrix.size(); ++r2) {
for (int c = ; c < matrix[].size(); ++c) {
sum[c] += matrix[r2][c];
}
int t = max_subarray(sum);
res = max(res, t);
}
}
return res;
}

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