题目:

Given an unsorted array of integers, find the number of longest increasing subsequence.

Example 1:

Input: [1,3,5,4,7]
Output: 2
Explanation: The two longest increasing subsequence are [1, 3, 4, 7] and [1, 3, 5, 7].

Example 2:

Input: [2,2,2,2,2]
Output: 5
Explanation: The length of longest continuous increasing subsequence is 1, and there are 5 subsequences' length is 1, so output 5.

题解:

  首先解决最长的递增序列问题,最朴素的做法是深搜,以每一个数为开头,找位置在它后面的且数值比它大的为下一层,显然会超时,考虑用动态规划去解决问题(也就是最长上升序列(LIS),一个经典的动态规划问题)。其实就是LIS的变体。 摘自九章算法

1. 设dp[i]为以该数结尾,能构成的最长序列的长度。进行连接的时候,对于每个数字num[i],遍历位置在它之前的数字num[j],如果比这个数小(num[j]<num[i]),也就是能构成一个序列,这样就能进行状态转移,我们令dp[i]=max(dp[i],dp[j]+1)来保证存储的为最长长度,同时可以记录max(dp[i])

2. 考虑完题目的长度优先后,我们考虑数量,也就是说最长长度的序列有几个,这个问题需要我们在处理dp的时候来记录,我们设ans[i]为以第i个数结尾的最长序列的个数,与dp同理,ans初值也都是1

3. 状态转移的时候,如果dp更新了,也就是说(dp[j]+1>dp[i])说明这个长度的序列是新出现的,我们需要将ans[i]设置为ans[j],因为新序列中,最新的数提供了序列的尾巴,数量是由前面积累的(或者说转移);举例序列[1 1 3 7]我们易得数字3对应的dp=2,ans=2,因为可以构成两个[1 3]那么我们操作到数字7的时候,发现接在3后面最长,就可以转移ans来作为初始数量

4. 而当dp[j]+1==dp[i]的时候,如同样例,操作7的时候,我们最先发现了可以接在5后面,最长序列[1 3 5 7],然后发现可以接在4后面,[1 3 4 7],长度也是4,这时候就同样需要转移ans,加上去 ans[i]+=ans[j]

5. 最后我们需要遍历dp,找到dp[i]=我们记录的最大值的时候,累加我们得到的ans[i],即为所求结果,时间复杂度是O(n^2)

Solution

class Solution {
public:
int findNumberOfLIS(vector<int>& nums) {
int n = nums.size(), max_len = , res = ;
vector<int> dp(n, ), cnt(n, );
for(int i = ; i < n; ++i){
for(int j = ; j < i; ++j){
if(nums[j] < nums[i] && dp[j] + > dp[i]){
dp[i] = dp[j] + ;
cnt[i] = cnt[j];
} else if(nums[j] < nums[i] && dp[j] + == dp[i]){
cnt[i] += cnt[j];
}
}
max_len = max(max_len, dp[i]);
}
for(int i = ; i < n; ++i)
if(dp[i] == max_len) res += cnt[i];
return res;
}
};

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