C#变成数据导入Excel和导出Excel

excel 基础

•整个excel 表格叫工作表：workbook；工作表包含的叫页：sheet；行：row；单元格：cell。

•excel 中的电话号码问题，看起来像数字的字符串以半角单引号开头就没问题了。

•使用区域（usedrange）：用excel 表的时候不一定是从最左上角的单元格开始用，为了减小文件尺寸，有使用区域的概念，excel 只存储使用区域。

程序处理excel 的技术

•ole automation：程序启动一个excel 进程，然后和excel 进程进行通讯来进行excel 的操作。优点：强大，能够使用excel 的所有功能，要求装excel ，微软最推荐这种用法，因为可以促进excel 的销量。会启动excel 进程，不适合于服务器（比如asp.net网站，安全性、效率）。参考资料http://www.makaidong.com/denylau/archive/2010/04/30/1725172.html 

–演示一下，引用excel .interop，代码在备注

applicationclass c = new applicationclass();            c.visible = false;            workbook wb = c.workbooks.add(xlwbatemplate.xlwbatworksheet);            //wb.saveas("c:/1.xls", null, null, null, null, xlsaveasaccessmode.xlnochange, xlsaveasaccessmode.xlnochange, null, null, null, null, null);

•(*)把excel 当成其他数据库 ，使用microsoft.jet.oledb访问访问excel ，参考资料 http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=331569890 只适合于完全二维结构，功能最弱，很少用。不用装excel 。

•(*) openxml，微软提供的读写excel 的技术，优点和npoi差不多，不过只能处理xlsx格式文件。docx、pptx

•npoi、myxls等，npoi能够分析excel 文件的格式，能够进行常用excel 操作，不依赖于excel ，节省资源，没有安全性、性能的问题，在asp.net中用最合适。只能处理xls格式文件、不能处理xlsx这样的新版本excel 文件格式。

 

                                                                                              npoi组件的引入

•我们平时调用的类是已经添加到引用的，如果想调用系统内置的没有添加引用的其他dll（*严格的说是在gac中的assembly）就要添加引用，在【.net】选项卡中选择，对于另外一些第三方dll（*严格说是assembly）则需要点击【浏览】选项卡选择对应的dll文件。

•将npoi包解压到硬盘中，然后在项目中添加引用，浏览，将解压目录下的dll全部添加进来

•(*)poi是apache的一个java开源项目，npoi是poi在.net下的移植版本，很多.net的移植版本开源项目都是在原来的java版本名称前加上n，比如nhibernate 、ndoc、nunit、nant。

                                                                                                 npoi起步

1、读取

using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\客户资料.xls", filemode.open, fileaccess.read))

{

hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);

messagebox.show(workbook.getsheetname(0));

}

2、遇到错误别慌，仔细看错误信息。可能遇到

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的问题：文件被其他进程占用。

3、npoi处理wps生成的xls有问题。

读取excel

 private void button1_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            //using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\book1.xls", filemode.open, fileaccess.read))            //{            //    hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);            //    messagebox.show(workbook.getsheetname(0));            //}

            //using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\book1.xls", filemode.open, fileaccess.read))            //{            //    hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);            //    hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);            //    hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(0);            //    hssfcell cell1 = row.getcell(1);            //    hssfcell cell0 = row.getcell(0);

            //    messagebox.show(cell1.numericcellvalue.tostring());            //    messagebox.show(cell0.stringcellvalue.tostring());            //}

            //using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\book1.xls", filemode.open, fileaccess.read))            //{            //    hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);            //    hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);            //    hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(0);            //    hssfcell cell1 = row.getcell(1);            //    if (cell1.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_string)            //    {            //        messagebox.show("字符串");            //    }            //    else if (cell1.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_numeric)            //    {            //        messagebox.show("数字");            //    }            //}

            using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\book1.xls", filemode.open, fileaccess.read))            {                hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);                hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);                for (int i = 0; i <= sheet.lastrownum; i++)                {                    hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(i);                    hssfcell cell0 = row.getcell(0);                    hssfcell cell1 = row.getcell(1);                    messagebox.show(string.format("{0}的年龄是：{1}",cell0.stringcellvalue,cell1.numericcellvalue));

                }                //messagebox.show(sheet.lastrownum.tostring());            }

        }

•读取字符串类型数据messagebox.show(sheet.getrow(3).getcell(4).stringcellvalue); 读取数字类型数据numericcellvalue。

•判断单元格数据类型：读取getcell(4).celltype，与hssfcell类中定义的常量比较即可。

•判断使用区域：结束行号：lastrownum

using system;using system.collections.generic;using system.componentmodel;using system.data;using system.drawing;using system.linq;using system.text;using system.windows.forms;using system.io;using npoi.hssf.usermodel;using callcenterclient.dal;using system.data.sqlclient;

namespace callcenterclient.customers{    public partial class formcustmgr : form    {        public formcustmgr()        {            initializecomponent();        }

        private void btnimportexcel _click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            //string filename = @"c:\khzl.xls";            string filename = txtfilename.text;//界面上敲的是什么就是什么，没有转义，转义是给编译器看的

            try            {                using (filestream stream = new filestream(filename, filemode.open, fileaccess.read))                {                    hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);                    hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);                    for (int i = 1; i <= sheet.lastrownum; i++)//注意从第1行开始读，第一行是表头                    {                        hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(i);                        hssfcell cellname = row.getcell(0);                        hssfcell celltel = row.getcell(1);                        hssfcell cellbuydate = row.getcell(2);                        hssfcell cellcarno = row.getcell(3);                        hssfcell cellbrno = row.getcell(4);

                        //sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                        //    new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("buydate", cellbuydate.datecellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));//newid()写在sql语句综合 中，在c#看来就是普通字符串，把sql扔给sqlserver运行，sqlserver会识别这个函数

                        //sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(" + newid() + ",@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)");//错误，注意区别。

                        sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                            new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),//易错：别写成new sqlparameter("name", cellname)                            new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("buydate", cellbuydate.datecellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));

                    }                }                messagebox.show("导入成功！");            }            catch (ioexception ex)//抓住ioexception类型的异常（文件正在被打开等异常）            {                messagebox.show(ex.message);            }        }

        private void btnimportexcel 2_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            string filename = txtfilename.text;//界面上敲的是什么就是什么，没有转义，转义是给编译器看的

            try            {                using (filestream stream = new filestream(filename, filemode.open, fileaccess.read))                {                    hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);                    hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);                    for (int i = 1; i <= sheet.lastrownum; i++)//注意从第1行开始读，第一行是表头                    {                        hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(i);                        hssfcell cellname = row.getcell(0);                        hssfcell celltel = row.getcell(1);                        hssfcell cellbuydate = row.getcell(2);                        hssfcell cellcarno = row.getcell(3);                        hssfcell cellbrno = row.getcell(4);

                        //正确写法                        int count = (int)sqlhelper.executescalar("select count(*) from t_customers where carnum=@carnum or bracketnum=@bracketnum", new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));                        //是否其他数据库 中有这辆车                        if (count > 0)                        {                            continue;                        }                        datetime buydate;                        if (cellbuydate.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_numeric)//日期类型                        {                            buydate = cellbuydate.datecellvalue;                        }                        else if (cellbuydate.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_string)//2008年9月8号                        {                            string strbuydate = cellbuydate.stringcellvalue;                            strbuydate = strbuydate.replace("号", "日");                            buydate = convert.todatetime(strbuydate);                        }                        else                        {                            throw new exception("未知的购买日期单元格类型");                        }

                        sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                            new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),//易错：别写成new sqlparameter("name", cellname)                            new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("buydate", buydate),                            new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));

                        //错误写法：一个sqlparameter只能被一个command使用，只能添加一次                        //sqlparameter pcarnum = new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue);

                        //int count = (int)sqlhelper.executescalar("select count(*) from t_customers where carnum=@carnum or bracketnum=@bracketnum", pcarnum,                        //    new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));                        ////是否其他数据库 中有这辆车                        //if (count > 0)                        //{                        //    continue;                        //}

                        //sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                        //    new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),//易错：别写成new sqlparameter("name", cellname)                        //    new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("buydate", cellbuydate.datecellvalue),                        //    pcarnum,                        //    new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));

                        //影响的行数指的是修改了(update、delete等)的数据的行数，而不是select结果集的行数                        //int count =sqlhelper.executenonquery("select * from t_customers where carnum=@carnum or bracketnum=@bracketnum",new sqlparameter("carnum",cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));                        ////是否其他数据库 中有这辆车                        //if (count > 0)                        //{                        //    continue;                        //}

                        //sqlhelper.executenonquery("insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                        //    new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),//易错：别写成new sqlparameter("name", cellname)                        //    new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("buydate", cellbuydate.datecellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                        //    new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));

                    }                }                messagebox.show("导入成功！");            }            catch (ioexception ex)//抓住ioexception类型的异常（文件正在被打开等异常）            {                messagebox.show(ex.message);            }        }

        private void button1_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {           

            try            {                importexcel 3();                messagebox.show("导入成功！");            }            catch (ioexception ex)//抓住ioexception类型的异常（文件正在被打开等异常）            {                messagebox.show(ex.message);            }        }

        private void importexcel 3()        {            string filename = txtfilename.text;//界面上敲的是什么就是什么，没有转义，转义是给编译器看的            using (filestream stream = new filestream(filename, filemode.open, fileaccess.read))            {                hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook(stream);                hssfsheet sheet = workbook.getsheetat(0);                using (sqlconnection conn = new sqlconnection(sqlhelper.connstr))                {                    conn.open();                    for (int i = 1; i <= sheet.lastrownum; i++)//注意从第1行开始读，第一行是表头                    {                        hssfrow row = sheet.getrow(i);                        hssfcell cellname = row.getcell(0);                        hssfcell celltel = row.getcell(1);                        hssfcell cellbuydate = row.getcell(2);                        hssfcell cellcarno = row.getcell(3);                        hssfcell cellbrno = row.getcell(4);

                        //正确写法                        int count = (int)sqlhelper.executescalar(conn,"select count(*) from t_customers where carnum=@carnum or bracketnum=@bracketnum", new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));                        //是否其他数据库 中有这辆车                        if (count > 0)                        {                            continue;                        }                        datetime buydate;                        if (cellbuydate.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_numeric)//日期类型                        {                            buydate = cellbuydate.datecellvalue;                        }                        else if (cellbuydate.celltype == hssfcell.cell_type_string)//2008年9月8号                        {                            string strbuydate = cellbuydate.stringcellvalue;                            strbuydate = strbuydate.replace("号", "日");                            buydate = convert.todatetime(strbuydate);                        }                        else                        {                            throw new exception("未知的购买日期单元格类型");                        }

                        sqlhelper.executenonquery(conn, "insert into t_customers(id,name,telphone,buydate,carnum,bracketnum) values(newid(),@name,@telphone,@buydate,@carnum,@bracketnum)",                            new sqlparameter("name", cellname.stringcellvalue),//易错：别写成new sqlparameter("name", cellname)                            new sqlparameter("telphone", celltel.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("buydate", buydate),                            new sqlparameter("carnum", cellcarno.stringcellvalue),                            new sqlparameter("bracketnum", cellbrno.stringcellvalue));

                    }                }

            }        }

        private void btnexporttoexcel 1_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            if (savefiledlg.showdialog() != dialogresult.ok)            {                return;            }            hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook();            hssfsheet sheet = workbook.createsheet();            //姓名    电话    购买日期    车号    车架号            //别用dataset，因为数据量可能会非常大，如果用dataset会非常占内存。

            using (sqlconnection conn = new sqlconnection(sqlhelper.connstr))            {                conn.open();                using (sqlcommand cmd = conn.createcommand())                {                    cmd.commandtext = "select * from t_customers";                    using (sqldatareader reader = cmd.executereader())                    {   //todo:加表头。                        int rownum = 0;//行号                        while (reader.read())                        {                            string name = reader.getstring(reader.getordinal("name"));                            string telphone = reader.getstring(reader.getordinal("telphone"));                            datetime buydate = reader.getdatetime(reader.getordinal("buydate"));                            string carnum = reader.getstring(reader.getordinal("carnum"));                            string brnum = reader.getstring(reader.getordinal("bracketnum"));

                            hssfrow row = sheet.createrow(rownum);//创建第rownum行

                            row.createcell(0, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue(name);                            row.createcell(1, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue(telphone);                            row.createcell(2, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue(buydate.toshortdatestring());                            row.createcell(3, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue(carnum);                            row.createcell(4, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue(brnum);                            rownum++;                        }                    }                }            }

            using (filestream stream = new filestream(savefiledlg.filename, filemode.openorcreate, fileaccess.readwr ite))            {                workbook.write(stream);            }            messagebox.show("保存成功！");

        }

        private void formcustmgr_load(object sender, eventargs e)        {            this.t_customerstableadapter1.fill(this.datasetcustomers1.t_customers);        }

        private void btnaddnew_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            datarowview drv = bscustomers.addnew() as datarowview;            callcenterclient.dal.datasetcustomers.t_customersrow custrow = drv.row as callcenterclient.dal.datasetcustomers.t_customersrow;            custrow.id = guid.newguid();        }

        private void btnsave_click(object sender, eventargs e)        {            t_customerstableadapter1.update(this.datasetcustomers1.t_customers);        }    }} mmmm写入excel 

 hssfworkbook workbook = new hssfworkbook();            hssfsheet sheet = workbook.createsheet();            hssfrow row = sheet.createrow(0);            row.createcell(0, hssfcell.cell_type_string).setcellvalue("hello");            row.createcell(1, hssfcell.cell_type_numeric).setcellvalue(3.14);            using (filestream stream = new filestream(@"c:\1.xls", filemode.openorcreate, fileaccess.readwr ite))            {                workbook.write(stream);            }

 

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