使用Zabbix监控openstack的系统资源

1 概述

OpenStack是一个开源的云计算管理平台项目，是一系列软件开源项目的组合。由NASA(美国国家航空航天局)和Rackspace合作研发并发起，以Apache许可证（Apache软件基金会发布的一个自由软件许可证）授权。

OpenStack为私有云和公有云提供可扩展的弹性的云计算服务。项目目标是提供实施简单、可大规模扩展、丰富、标准统一的云计算管理平台。

对于Openstack运维人员来说，需要掌握Openstack云平台系统资源的整体运行情况，包括域(AZ)的cpu/menmory等资源使用情况；本文将介绍使用zabbix结合openstack python-api对openstack系统资源进行监控，详情如下：

2 使用控制台获取域(AZ)监控信息

使用如下命令可以获取当前openstack的所有可用域。

nova availability-zone-list

+-----------------------+----------------------------------------+

| Name | Status |

+-----------------------+----------------------------------------+

| internal | available |

| |- computer03 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:07.000000 |

| |- computer04 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:08.000000 |

| |- computer05 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:13.000000 |

| |- computer06 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:05.000000 |

| |- computer07 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:05.000000 |

| |- computer08 | |

| | |- nova-storage | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:07.000000 |

| |- controler02 | |

| | |- nova-conductor | enabled XXX 2017-10-09T09:46:27.000000 |

| | |- nova-consoleauth | enabled XXX 2017-10-09T09:46:37.000000 |

| | |- nova-monitor | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:11.000000 |

| | |- nova-scheduler | enabled XXX 2017-10-09T09:46:37.000000 |

| | |- nova-cert | enabled XXX 2017-10-09T09:46:37.000000 |

| |- controller01 | |

| | |- nova-conductor | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:11.000000 |

| | |- nova-consoleauth | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:04.000000 |

| | |- nova-monitor | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:07.000000 |

| | |- nova-scheduler | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:09.000000 |

| | |- nova-cert | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:12.000000 |

| IMS | available |

| |- computer03 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:07.000000 |

| |- computer04 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:05.000000 |

| |- computer08 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:13.000000 |

| paas | available |

| |- computer05 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:07.000000 |

| |- computer06 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:13.000000 |

| |- computer07 | |

| | |- nova-compute | enabled :-) 2018-10-18T10:56:04.000000 |

+-----------------------+----------------------------------------+

由结果可以看出，该系统含有两个域： IMS 和 paas 。

但是该命令结果不太直观，不容易提取，我们也可以使用如下命令：

nova aggregate-list

+----+---------+-------------------+

| Id | Name | Availability Zone |

+----+---------+-------------------+

| 1 | IMS+RCS | IMS |

| 4 | paas | paas |

+----+---------+-------------------+

根据 aggregate-list ，我们可以查看域对应的计算节点：

nova aggregate-details paas

+----+------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+

| Id | Name | Availability Zone | Hosts | Metadata |

+----+------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+

| 4 | paas | paas | 'computer07', 'computer05', 'computer06' | 'availability_zone=paas' |

+----+------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------+

由结果可知，paas域，一共包含三个computer节点，对于每个节点的使用情况，我们一样可以通过命令获取：

nova hypervisor-show computer07

+---------------------------+------------+

| Property | Value |

+---------------------------+------------+

| free_disk_gb | 55 |

| free_ram_mb | 126156 |

| host_ip | 193.2.0.37 |

| hypervisor_hostname | computer07 |

| hypervisor_type | QEMU |

| id | 9 |

| local_gb | 445 |

| local_gb_used | 390 |

| memory_mb | 257740 |

| memory_mb_used | 131584 |

| npt_ept | ept |

| pci_pools | - |

| running_vms | 8 |

| service_disabled_reason | - |

| service_host | computer07 |

| service_id | 27 |

| state | up |

| status | enabled |

| vcpus | 48 |

| vcpus_used | 32 |

+---------------------------+------------+

#截取部分信息

我们可以得知，该节点的vcpu总数及其使用情况,memory_mb总数及其使用情况。

将每个节点的使用情况均获取后，经过计算，就可以得出域的资源整体使用情况。对于云平台的整体使用情况，我们也可以通过命令行获取：

nova hypervisor-stats

+----------------------+---------+

| Property | Value |

+----------------------+---------+

| count | 6 |

| current_workload | 0 |

| disk_available_least | 304 |

| free_disk_gb | 518 |

| free_ram_mb | 961736 |

| local_gb | 2670 |

| local_gb_used | 2152 |

| memory_mb | 1546440 |

| memory_mb_used | 584704 |

| running_vms | 42 |

| vcpus | 288 |

| vcpus_used | 172 |

+----------------------+---------+

上面我们讨论了使用命令行进行相关信息的获取，下面我们讨论使用python-api进行相关信息的获取与计算。

3 使用 openstack python-api 获取域监控信息

程序代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#imports

import json

from optparse import OptionParser

from novaclient import client as noclient

from novaclient import utils

#登录及授权

keystone = {}

keystone['os_username']='admin'

keystone['os_password']='keystone'

keystone['os_auth_url']='http://lb-vip:5000/v2.0/'

keystone['os_tenant_name']='admin'

nova_client = noclient.Client(2, keystone['os_username'], keystone['os_password'], keystone['os_tenant_name'], keystone['os_auth_url'])

def main():

#获取云平台整体信息并打印

total_info = nova_client.hypervisor_stats.statistics()._info.copy()

print "total_info_vcpus:", total_info["vcpus"]

print "total_info_vcpus_used:", total_info["vcpus_used"]

print "total_info_memory_mb:", total_info["memory_mb"]

print "total_info_memory_mb_used:", total_info["memory_mb_used"]

print "total_info_running_vms:", total_info["running_vms"]

#获取域列表信息

aggregates = nova_client.aggregates.list()

for aggregate in aggregates:

#初始化每个域的资源统计变量

vcpus = 0

vcpus_used = 0

memory_mb = 0

memory_mb_used = 0

running_vms = 0

#获取每个aggregate信息，并保存对应的hostscomputer节点列表

aggregate_info = aggregate._info.copy()

print aggregate_info["id"], aggregate_info["name"], aggregate_info["availability_zone"], aggregate_info["hosts"]

aggregate_hosts = aggregate_info["hosts"]

#循环计算节点，保存相关资源信息

for aggregate_host in aggregate_hosts:

hypervisor_info = utils.find_resource(nova_client.hypervisors, aggregate_host)._info

vcpus = vcpus + hypervisor_info["vcpus"]

vcpus_used = vcpus_used + hypervisor_info["vcpus_used"]

memory_mb = memory_mb + hypervisor_info["memory_mb"]

memory_mb_used = memory_mb_used + hypervisor_info["memory_mb_used"]

running_vms = running_vms + hypervisor_info["running_vms"]

#打印域资源信息

print "vcpus:", vcpus

print "vcpus_used:", vcpus_used

print "memory_mb:", memory_mb

print "memory_mb_used:", memory_mb_used

print "running_vms:", running_vms

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

执行该程序后，可以获取各个域节点的信息：

total_info_vcpus: 288

total_info_vcpus_used: 172

total_info_memory_mb: 1546440

total_info_memory_mb_used: 584704

total_info_running_vms: 42

1 IMS+RCS IMS [u'computer04', u'computer03', u'computer08']

vcpus: 144

vcpus_used: 84

memory_mb: 773220

memory_mb_used: 243200

running_vms: 20

4 paas paas [u'computer07', u'computer05', u'computer06']

vcpus: 144

vcpus_used: 88

memory_mb: 773220

memory_mb_used: 341504

running_vms: 22

经过适当的计算，我们就可以获取各个域分配及使用比例等信息。

上面我们就使用 python-api 打印出了所有需要的信息，但是对于监控来说，我们需要提取的是各个监控项的信息，这样才能方便的搜索和做图表展示；下面我们讨论结合zabbix进行相关信息的监控。

4 结合zabbix获取域相关监控信息

4.1 获取可用域信息列表

上面我们已经获取了所有的可用域信息，但对于zabbix来说，我们还需要返回固定格式的数据，供zabbix进行解析：

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#imports

import json

from optparse import OptionParser

from novaclient import client as noclient

from novaclient import utils

#登录及授权

keystone = {}

keystone['os_username']='admin'

keystone['os_password']='keystone'

keystone['os_auth_url']='http://lb-vip:5000/v2.0/'

keystone['os_tenant_name']='admin'

nova_client = noclient.Client(2, keystone['os_username'], keystone['os_password'], keystone['os_tenant_name'], keystone['os_auth_url'])

def main():

r = {"data":[]}

aggregates = nova_client.aggregates.list()

for aggregate in aggregates:

aggregate_info = aggregate._info.copy()

r['data'].append( {"{#NAME}":aggregate_info["name"]} )

print(json.dumps(r, indent=2, sort_keys=True, encoding="utf-8"))

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

执行后，返回的结果如下,可以通过供zabbix自动发现模版使用：

{

"data": [

{

"{#AVAILABLE_ZONE}": "IMS",

"{#NAME}": "IMS+RCS"

},

{

"{#AVAILABLE_ZONE}": "paas",

"{#NAME}": "paas"

}

]

}

4.2 zabbix，Item及自动发现LLD配置

云平台整体信息，Item设置如下：

openstack.total[vcpus]

openstack.total[vcpus_used]

openstack.total[memory_mb]

openstack.total[memory_mb_used]

openstack.total[running_vms]

获取{#NAME}后就可以根据监控项获取对应的监控内容了，zabbix自动发现自动发现key设置如下：

openstack.system.discovery

discovery下，设置监控Item,key设置如下：

openstack.zone[hosts,{#NAME}]

openstack.zone[vcpus,{#NAME}]

openstack.zone[vcpus_used,{#NAME}]

openstack.zone[memory_mb,{#NAME}]

openstack.zone[memory_mb_used,{#NAME}]

openstack.zone[running_vms,{#NAME}]

其中{#NAME}为第一步的脚本中返回的可用域对应的aggregate相关信息。

4.3 zabbix-agent配置与对应的脚本

对应的zabbix-agent.conf配置如下：

# /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_openstack-system.conf

UserParameter=openstack.system.discovery,python /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/openstack-system.py --item discovery

UserParameter=openstack.total[*],python /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/openstack-system.py --item total --moniter $1

UserParameter=openstack.zone[*],python /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/openstack-system.py --item $1 --aggregate $2

对应的zabbix自动发现的监控脚本如下：

# /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/openstack-system.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#imports

import json

from optparse import OptionParser

from novaclient import client as noclient

from novaclient import utils

#登录及授权

keystone = {}

keystone['os_username']='admin'

keystone['os_password']='keystone'

keystone['os_auth_url']='http://lb-vip:5000/v2.0/'

keystone['os_tenant_name']='admin'

nova_client = noclient.Client(2, keystone['os_username'], keystone['os_password'], keystone['os_tenant_name'], keystone['os_auth_url'])

def main():

options = parse_args()

if options.item=="discovery":

zone_list()

elif options.item=="total":

total_moniter(options)

else:

zone_moniter(options)

#判断入参合法性

def parse_args():

parser = OptionParser()

valid_item = ["discovery", "total", "hosts", "vcpus", "vcpus_used", "memory_mb", "memory_mb_used", "running_vms"]

parser.add_option("", "--item", dest="item", help="", action="store", type="string", default=None)

parser.add_option("", "--moniter", dest="moniter", help="", action="store", type="string", default=None)

parser.add_option("", "--aggregate", dest="aggregate", help="", action="store", type="string", default=None)

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

if options.item not in valid_item:

parser.error("Item has to be one of: "+", ".join(valid_item))

return options

#获取可用域列表

def zone_list():

r = {"data":[]}

aggregates = nova_client.aggregates.list()

for aggregate in aggregates:

aggregate_info = aggregate._info.copy()

r['data'].append( {"{#NAME}":aggregate_info["name"], "{#AVAILABLE_ZONE}":aggregate_info["availability_zone"]} )

print(json.dumps(r, indent=2, sort_keys=True, encoding="utf-8"))

#获取云平台整体监控信息

def total_moniter(options):

total_info = nova_client.hypervisor_stats.statistics()._info.copy()

print (total_info[options.moniter])

#获取可用域对应的监控信息

def zone_moniter(options):

aggregate = utils.find_resource(nova_client.aggregates, options.aggregate)

aggregate_info = aggregate._info.copy()

aggregate_hosts = aggregate_info["hosts"]

if options.item=="hosts":

print (aggregate_hosts)

else:

monitor_data = 0

for aggregate_host in aggregate_hosts:

hypervisor_info = utils.find_resource(nova_client.hypervisors, aggregate_host)._info

monitor_data = monitor_data + hypervisor_info[options.item]

print (monitor_data)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

在zabbix上进行对应的配置后重启，将模版应用于主机，此时应当监控获取所有的可用域，并监控对应的信息。

5 参考资料

1. Openstack 中的zone ,aggregates和host及其应用,
https://blog.csdn.net/ztejiagn/article/details/8948688

2. nova 命令汇总四 ——计算相关命令,
http://blog.51cto.com/13788458/2129157

3. The novaclient Python API,https://docs.openstack.org/python-novaclient/latest/reference/api/index.html

4. GitHub - larsks/openstack-api-samples,https://github.com/larsks/openstack-api-samples

以上就是这一期的Zabbix技术分享内容。

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