Java读写二进制文件示例

相对于文本文件，二进制文件读写快，定位快而准，下面是代码示例：

import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

class Employee{
    public static int RecordSize=72;// 总计8+30*2+4=72字节，算准总字节数对于连续读取很重要
    private long id;// long类型似占8字节
    private String name;
    public static int NameSize=30;// 预计名称最多30个字符，占30*2=60字节
    private int age;// int类型占4字节

    public Employee(long id,String name,int age){
        this.id=id;
        this.name=name;
        this.age=age;
    }

    public String toString(){
        return "ID="+id+" name:"+name+" age:"+age;
    }

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

public class Test3{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        // 准备数据
        List<Employee> ls=new ArrayList<Employee>();

        final int AMOUT=10;
        for(long i=0;i<AMOUT;i++){
            ls.add(new Employee(i,"克隆人-"+i,(int)(i %100)));
        }

        // 写入
        DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\IBM_ADMIN\\Desktop\\emp.dat"));
        for(Employee emp:ls){
            writeEmp(out,emp);
        }

        // 挨个读取
        RandomAccessFile in=new RandomAccessFile("C:\\Users\\IBM_ADMIN\\Desktop\\emp.dat","r");
        int len=(int)(in.length()/Employee.RecordSize);

        for(long i=0;i<len;i++){
            in.seek(i*Employee.RecordSize);

            Employee emp=readEmp(in);
            System.out.println(emp.toString());
        }
    }

    private static void writeEmp(DataOutput out,Employee emp) throws Exception{
        writeString(emp.getName(),Employee.NameSize,out);
        out.writeLong(emp.getId());
        out.writeInt(emp.getAge());
    }

    private static Employee readEmp(DataInput in)  throws Exception{
        String name=readString(Employee.NameSize,in);
        long sn=in.readLong();
        int age=in.readInt();

        return new Employee(sn,name,age);
    }

    // 写入最大长度为size的字符串，不足写0
    private static void writeString(String str,int size,DataOutput out) throws Exception{
        for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
            char c=0;
            if(i<str.length()){
                c=str.charAt(i);
            }
            out.writeChar(c);
        }
    }

    // 读入最大长度为size的字符串
    private static String readString(int size,DataInput in) throws Exception{
        StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();

        for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
            char c=in.readChar();

            if(c==0){
                continue;
            }else{
                sb.append(c);
            }
        }

        return sb.toString();
    }
}

输出如下：

ID=0 name:克隆人-0 age:0
ID=1 name:克隆人-1 age:1
ID=2 name:克隆人-2 age:2
ID=3 name:克隆人-3 age:3
ID=4 name:克隆人-4 age:4
ID=5 name:克隆人-5 age:5
ID=6 name:克隆人-6 age:6
ID=7 name:克隆人-7 age:7
ID=8 name:克隆人-8 age:8
ID=9 name:克隆人-9 age:9