将你的Python Web程序部署到Ubuntu服务器上

在本文记录了我在Ubuntu中部署Flask Web站点的过程, 其中包括用户创建、代码获取、Python3环境的安装、虚拟环境设置、uWSGI启动程序设置，并将Nginx作为前端反向代理。希望对各位有所帮助。

建立一个Python Web程序专用账户

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adduser haseo vim /etc/sudoers #将haseo用户加入导sudo用户清单中 sudo usermod -a -G www-data haseo

安装Python3并配置程序运行环境

1.更新Ubuntu的软件库

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sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y upgrade sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev #安装一些必要的工具包

2.安装python包管理工具

python3 -V
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
pip3 install virtualenv

配置Python 程序

1.创建程序目录

mkdir -p /var/www/html/pricing-service

2.修改目录权限

sudo chown haseo:haseo /var/www/html/pricing-service

3.创建一个SSH Key使得用户可以同步GitHub的代码

ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # 复制公钥并增加到GitHub(https://github.com/settings/keys)

4.复制GitHub上的代码

git clone git@xxx .

5.创建log目录

mkdir log

6.创建虚拟目录

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pip3 install virtualenv python3 -m virtualenv venv # 在pricing-service目录下执行 ./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt ./venv/bin/pip install uwsgi

配置uwsgi

1.测试一下python直接运行程序是否可以访问

vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "<h1 style='color:blue'>Hello There!</h1>"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0')

python wsgi.py

2.创建WSGI入口文件

vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py

from myproject import app

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

3.测试uWSGI是否正常运行

uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -w wsgi:app

4.创建uWSGI配置文件
前面测试没问题之后我们开始创建uWSGI配置文件

vim ~/myproject/wsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
module = wsgi:app

master = true
processes = 5

socket = socket.sock
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true

die-on-term = true

5.创建systemd文件

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/price_service.service

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve price_service
After=network.target

[Service]
User=haseo
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/html/pricing-service
Environment="PATH=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin"
ExecStart=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin/uwsgi --ini wsgi.ini

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6.启动并启用wsgi服务

sudo systemctl start price_service
sudo systemctl enable price_service

配置Nginx

1.安装nginx

apt-get install nginx

2.Nginx状态查看及进程管理

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systemctl status nginx ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//' #获取服务器的IP地址 sudo systemctl start nginx sudo systemctl reload nginx sudo systemctl disable nginx # 精致nginx在系统启动的时候启动 sudo systemctl enable nginx

3.配置Nginx站点

vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

server {
        listen 8080; #监听IP
        real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
        set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; # 告诉Python程序是谁发送的请求
        server_name localhost;

        location / { # 用户访问的根目录比如 http://www.bihell.com/
                include uwsgi_params; # Flask程序需要uwsgi解析
                uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/html/pricing-service/socket.sock; #uwsgi通过这个文件传递信息
                uwsgi_modifier1 30;
        }

        # 404错误页面配置,下同
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
                root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }
}

4.软链接导nginxsites-enabled目录

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

5.测试配置

sudo nginx -t

6.重新启动nginx大功告成

sudo systemctl restart nginx