Android/Java 中的 String, StringBuffer, StringBuilder的区别和使用
Android 中的 String, StringBuffer 和 StringBuilder 是移动手机开发中经常使用到的字符串类。做为基础知识是必须要理解的,这里做一些总结。
A、区别
可以从以下两个方面来理解
1、不变和可变。
String类:使用数组保存字符串,类中的定义如下:
private final char value[];
注意到,因为用了final修饰符,所以可以知道string对象是长度不可变的。
StringBuilder和StringBuffer类:都是继承自AbstractStringBuilder类,在AbstractStringBuilder中也是使用动态的字符数组保存字符串,定义如下:
char[] value
注意到,未用到final修饰符,故可知这两种对象都是可变的。
2、是否线程安全。
String的对象是不可变的,因此它是线程安全的。
StringBuffer对方法加了同步锁或者对调用的方法加了同步锁,所以线程是安全的。如下代码所示:
public synchronized StringBuffer reverse() {
super.reverse();
return this;
}
StringBuilder对方法没有进行同步锁,所以是非线程安全的。
注意:AbstractStringBuilder是StringBuilder和StringBuffer类的公共父类,它定义了一些字符串的基本操作的共同方法。
B、共同点
1、在多线程环境下,StringBuffer的效率要比StringBuilder低。
2、抽象类AbstractStringBuilder是StringBuilder和StringBuffer类的公共父类。他们都调用父类的公共方法。如supper.append(...);
C、属性方法和使用
String的常用公共方法:
| public int lenght() | 返回字符串的长度。 |
| public char charAt(int index) | 返回字符串位置index处的字符。 |
| public boolean equals(Object o) | 比较两个字符串对象,相等则返回true;反之返回false。 |
| public int compareTo(String s) | 比较两个字符串字典顺序,相等返回0,s大于当前字符串返回一个负值,s小于当前串返回一个正值。 |
| public boolean regionMatches(int toffset,String other,int ooffset,int len) | 从当前字符串位置toffset开始寻找字符串other中起始位置为ooffset 长度为len 的子串。如发现匹配,返回true; 否则,返回false。 |
| public boolean startsWith(String prefix) | 从当前字符串的起始位置开始寻找字符串 prefix。如发现匹配,返回true;否则,返回false。 |
| public boolean endsWith(String suffix) | 如当前字符串的结尾子串与 suffix 匹配,返回true;否则,返回false。 |
| public int indexOf(String str) | 在当前字符串中寻找与str匹配的子串,返回首次匹配的起始下表值;无匹配返回-1。 |
| public String substring(int beginIndex,int endIndex) | 在当前字符串中,求从起始位置 beginIndex 到结束位置 endIndex 的子串。 |
| public String concat(String str) | 将当前字符串与str连接,返回连接后的字符串。 |
| public String toLowerCase() | 将当前字符串全转换为小写形式。 |
| public String toUpperCase() | 将当前字符串转换为大写形式。 |
| public char toCharArray() | 将当前字符串转换为字符数组。 |
| public Static String valueOf(type variable) | 把variable 转换为字符串,其中 type 表示 variable 的数据类型。 |
字符串连接的方法:
String a = "abc"
String b = "xkk"
b +=a;
StringBuffer的常用公共方法
| public int length() | 返回缓冲区的字符数 |
| public int capacity() | 返回缓冲区的容量大小,其值为:字符串长度+16。 |
| public synchronized StringBuffer append(type variable) | 把variable转换为字符串,然后与当前字符串连接。 |
| public synchronized StringBuffer append(Char(char ch) | 把字符ch连接到当前串尾。 |
| public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset,type variable) | 把variable转换为字符串,然后插入到当前串中由offset指定的位置。 |
| public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset,char ch) | 把字符 ch 插入到当前串由ofset指定的位置。 |
| public synchronized String toString() | 把StringBuffer转换为字符串String。 |
字符串连接方法
StringBuffer str= new StringBuffer("kkkxxx.");
str.append("xkk.");
StringBuilder的常用公共方法
| StringBuilder | append(boolean b) |
| Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(char c) |
| Appends the string representation of the char argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(char[] str) |
| Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(char[] str, int offset, int len) |
| Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(CharSequence s) |
| 向此 Appendable 添加指定的字符序列。 | |
| StringBuilder | append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) |
| Appends a subsequence of the specified CharSequence to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(double d) |
| Appends the string representation of the double argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(float f) |
| Appends the string representation of the float argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(int i) |
| Appends the string representation of the int argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(long lng) |
| Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(Object obj) |
| Appends the string representation of the Object argument. | |
| StringBuilder | append(String str) |
| Appends the specified string to this character sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | append(StringBuffer sb) |
| 将指定的 StringBuffer 添加到此序列。 | |
| StringBuilder | appendCodePoint(int codePoint) |
| Appends the string representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence. | |
| int | capacity() |
| Returns the current capacity. | |
| char | charAt(int index) |
| Returns the char value in this sequence at the specified index. | |
| int | codePointAt(int index) |
| Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index. | |
| int | codePointBefore(int index) |
| Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index. | |
| int | codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) |
| Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | delete(int start, int end) |
| Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | deleteCharAt(int index) |
| Removes the char at the specified position in this sequence. | |
| void | ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) |
| Ensures that the capacity is at least equal to the specified minimum. | |
| void | getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) |
| Characters are copied from this sequence into the destination character array dst. | |
| int | indexOf(String str) |
| Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. | |
| int | indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) |
| Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, boolean b) |
| Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, char c) |
| Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, char[] str) |
| Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len) |
| Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) |
| Inserts the specified CharSequence into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end) |
| Inserts a subsequence of the specified CharSequence into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, double d) |
| Inserts the string representation of the double argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, float f) |
| Inserts the string representation of the float argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, int i) |
| Inserts the string representation of the second int argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, long l) |
| Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, Object obj) |
| Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence. | |
| StringBuilder | insert(int offset, String str) |
| Inserts the string into this character sequence. | |
| int | lastIndexOf(String str) |
| Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring. | |
| int | lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) |
| Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. | |
| int | length() |
| Returns the length (character count). | |
| int | offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) |
| Returns the index within this sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points. | |
| StringBuilder | replace(int start, int end, String str) |
| Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence with characters in the specified String. | |
| StringBuilder | reverse() |
| Causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence. | |
| void | setCharAt(int index, char ch) |
| The character at the specified index is set to ch. | |
| void | setLength(int newLength) |
| Sets the length of the character sequence. | |
| CharSequence | subSequence(int start, int end) |
| Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence. | |
| String | substring(int start) |
| Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this character sequence. | |
| String | substring(int start, int end) |
| Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this sequence. | |
| String | toString() |
| Returns a string representing the data in this sequence. | |
| void | trimToSize() |
| Attempts to reduce storage used for the character sequence. |
字符串连接方法
StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
sb2.append( "xxxkkk" );
D、参考资料
1、http://www.cnblogs.com/xudong-bupt/p/3961159.html(java中String、StringBuffer、StringBuilder的区别)
2、http://www.apihome.cn/api/java/StringBuilder.html(StringBuilder(示例,出错代码))
3、http://blog.csdn.net/zhzhl29290029/article/details/12339981(黑马程序--JAVA字符串String、StringBuffer、StringBuilder、基本数据类型包装)
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