[原创]在Windows平台使用msvc(cl.exe) + vscode编写和调试C/C++代码

1、在.vscode目录下，新建以下几个配置文件，当然也可以通过vscode命令自动生成，如果你已有这些文件直接修改即可。

c_cpp_properties.json（代码提示）：

 {
   "configurations": [
     {
       "name": "Win32",
       // 设置windows sdk版本
       "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.18362.0",
       // 设置msvc编译器路径
       "compilerPath": "D:/ProgramData/Microsoft/VisualStudio/IDE/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.23.28105/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe",
       // 智能提示会从这里搜索头文件
       "includePath": [
         "${workspaceFolder}/third_party/SDL2-2.0.10/include",
         "${workspaceFolder}/third_party/ffmpeg-4.2-win64/include"
       ],
       "defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE", "_UNICODE"],
       // 使用msvc类型的智能提示
       "intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64"
     }
   ],
   "version": 4
 }

tasks.json（编译）：

 {
   "tasks": [
     {
       "type": "shell",
       // 标示名
       "label": "msvc build",
       // 要执行的命令，这里用了一个bat脚本来构建
       "command": "build.bat",
       // 命令参数
       "args": ["${fileBasename}", "build", "${fileBasenameNoExtension}"],
       "group": {
         "kind": "build",
         "isDefault": true
       },
       "presentation": {
         "echo": true,
         "reveal": "always",
         "focus": false,
         "panel": "shared",
         "showReuseMessage": true,
         "clear": false
       },
       "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
     }
   ],
   "version": "2.0.0"
 }

launch.json（调试）：

 {
   // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
   // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
   // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
   "version": "0.2.0",
   "configurations": [
     {
       "name": "(msvc) Launch",
       "type": "cppvsdbg",
       "request": "launch",
       // 要调试的程序
       "program": "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
       // 程序运行参数
       "args": ["../sample.mp4"],
       // 是否在入口自动断点
       "stopAtEntry": false,
       // 工作目录
       "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}\\build",
       "environment": [],
       "externalConsole": false,
       // 先编译，再调试，对应tasks.json中的标示
       "preLaunchTask": "msvc build"
     }
   ]
 }

settings.json（vscode终端配置）：

 {
   // 要使用cmd终端，其他终端会有兼容问题
   "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:/WINDOWS/System32/cmd.exe"
 }

2、在根目录下创建构建脚本，构建脚本主要是配置msvc环境，配置cl.exe的构建参数（头文件、链接库等）

build.bat（构建脚本，可根据需要自行更改）：

 @echo off

 REM %1: target file with ext
 REM %2: build path
 REM %3: output file without ext

 REM https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line?view=vs-2019
 call "D:\ProgramData\Microsoft\VisualStudio\IDE\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64 10.0.18362.0

 REM create build directory
 if not exist %2 md %2

 set compilerflags=/Od /Zi /EHsc /Fd%2\ /Fo%2\

 set linkerflags=/OUT:%2\%3.exe

 REM includes
 set includes=
 for %%i in (^
     third_party/SDL2-2.0.10/include,^
     third_party/ffmpeg-4.2-win64/include) do call :concat %%i

 REM libs
 set libs=^
     third_party/SDL2-2.0.10/lib/x64/SDL2main.lib^
     third_party/SDL2-2.0.10/lib/x64/SDL2.lib^
     third_party\ffmpeg-4.2-win64\lib\avformat.lib^
     third_party\ffmpeg-4.2-win64\lib\avcodec.lib^
     third_party\ffmpeg-4.2-win64\lib\avutil.lib

 REM compile with msvc
 cl.exe %compilerflags% %libs% %1 %includes% /link %linkerflags%

 goto :eof

 REM concat includes path
 :concat
     set includes=%includes% /I %1
 goto :eof