windows常用cmd指令

打开命令行

1.在菜单栏中搜索命令行

2.在文件管理器的Path栏输入cmd，则在当前目录打开命令行

3.Windows+R，输入cmd，回车

ping(网络诊断工具)

ping是Windows、Unix和Linux系统下的一个命令

ping也属于一个通信协议，是TCP/IP协议的一部分

利用“ping”命令可以检查网络是否连通，可以很好地帮助我们分析和判定网络故障,用来作为可用性的检查

应用格式：ping空格IP地址 或者 ping空格域名

举例

C:\Users\xxx>ping baidu.com

Pinging baidu.com [123.125.115.110] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=49
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=51ms TTL=49
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=52ms TTL=49

Ping statistics for 123.125.115.110:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 51ms, Maximum = 52ms, Average = 51ms

C:\Users\xxx>ping 123.125.115.110

Pinging 123.125.115.110 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=51ms TTL=49
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=51ms TTL=49
Request timed out.
Reply from 123.125.115.110: bytes=32 time=51ms TTL=49

Ping statistics for 123.125.115.110:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 51ms, Maximum = 51ms, Average = 51ms

原理：利用网络上机器IP地址的唯一性，给目标IP地址发送一个数据包，再要求对方返回一个同样大小的数据包来确定两台网络机器是否连接相通，时延是多少

ipconfig(查看本机ip)

举例

C:\Users\Administrator>ipconfig

Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter 以太网:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Ethernet adapter vEthernet (默认交换机):

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : x.x.x.x
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : x.x.x.x
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :

Wireless LAN adapter 本地连接* 1:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Wireless LAN adapter 本地连接* 11:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Wireless LAN adapter WLAN:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : x.x.x.x
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : x.x.x.x
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : x.x.x.x

Ethernet adapter 蓝牙网络连接:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

目录浏览

进入某个盘

D:
目标盘:

在当前盘中前进

cd 目标目录

回退到上一级

cd..

举例

C:\Users\Administrator>D:

D:\>cd WeChat

D:\WeChat>cd
D:\WeChat

D:\WeChat>cd..

D:\>

查看目录文件

dir

如果是需要查看隐藏文件的或者更多操作的话，可以使用dir /?来查看其它用法

D:\WeChat>dir /?
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N]
  [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4]

  [drive:][path][filename]
              Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.

  /A          Displays files with specified attributes.
  attributes   D  Directories                R  Read-only files
               H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for archiving
               S  System files               I  Not content indexed files
               L  Reparse Points             -  Prefix meaning not
  /B          Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).
  /C          Display the thousand separator in file sizes.  This is the
              default.  Use /-C to disable display of separator.
  /D          Same as wide but files are list sorted by column.
  /L          Uses lowercase.
  /N          New long list format where filenames are on the far right.
  /O          List by files in sorted order.
  sortorder    N  By name (alphabetic)       S  By size (smallest first)
               E  By extension (alphabetic)  D  By date/time (oldest first)
               G  Group directories first    -  Prefix to reverse order
  /P          Pauses after each screenful of information.
  /Q          Display the owner of the file.
  /R          Display alternate data streams of the file.
  /S          Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
  /T          Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting
Press any key to continue . . .

清除屏幕

cls

查看cmd下的命令

help

找到命令之后，使用 命令+ /?来查看该命令下的其他属性

cd /?

参考资料

https://blog.csdn.net/LJFPHP/article/details/78818696