FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/15-basic-ls-command-examples-in-linux/

ls command is one of the most frequently used command in Linux. I believe ls command is the first command you may use when you get into the command prompt of Linux Box. We use ls command daily basis and frequently even though we may not aware and never use all the option available. In this article, we’ll be discussing basic ls command where we have tried to cover as much parameters as possible.

Linux ls Command

1. List Files using ls with no option

ls
with no option list files and directories in bare format where we won’t
be able to view details like file types, size, modified date and time,
permission and links etc.

# ls

0001.pcap        Desktop    Downloads         index.html   install.log.syslog  Pictures  Templates

anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  fbcmd_update.php  install.log  Music               Public    Videos

2 List Files With option –l

Here, ls -l (-l is character not one) shows file or directory, size, modified date and time, file or folder name and owner of file and it’s permission.

# ls -l

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

3. View Hidden Files

List all files including hidden file starting with ‘.‘.

# ls -a

.                .bashrc  Documents         .gconfd          install.log         .nautilus     .pulse-cookie

..               .cache   Downloads         .gnome2          install.log.syslog  .netstat.swp  .recently-used.xbel

0001.pcap        .config  .elinks           .gnome2_private  .kde                .opera        .spice-vdagent

anaconda-ks.cfg  .cshrc   .esd_auth         .gtk-bookmarks   .libreoffice        Pictures      .tcshrc

.bash_history    .dbus    .fbcmd            .gvfs            .local              .pki          Templates

.bash_logout     Desktop  fbcmd_update.php  .ICEauthority    .mozilla            Public        Videos

.bash_profile    .digrc   .gconf            index.html       Music               .pulse        .wireshark

4. List Files with Human Readable Format with option -lh

With combination of -lh option, shows sizes in human readable format.

# ls -lh

total 176K

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

-rw-------. 1 root root 1.6K Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4.0K Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  21K Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  46K Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  48K Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  12K Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Videos

5. List Files and Directories with ‘/’ Character at the end

Using -F option with ls command, will add the ‘/’ Character at the end each directory.

# ls -F

0001.pcap        Desktop/    Downloads/        index.html   install.log.syslog  Pictures/  Templates/

anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents/  fbcmd_update.php  install.log  Music/              Public/    Videos/

6. List Files in Reverse Order

The following command with ls -r option display files and directories in reverse order.

# ls -r

Videos     Public    Music               install.log  fbcmd_update.php  Documents  anaconda-ks.cfg

Templates  Pictures  install.log.syslog  index.html   Downloads         Desktop    0001.pcap

7. Recursively list Sub-Directories

ls -R option will list very long listing directory trees. See an example of output of the command.

# ls -R

total 1384

-rw-------. 1 root     root      33408 Aug  8 17:25 anaconda.log

-rw-------. 1 root     root      30508 Aug  8 17:25 anaconda.program.log

./httpd:

total 132

-rw-r--r--  1 root root     0 Aug 19 03:14 access_log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61916 Aug 10 17:55 access_log-20120812

./lighttpd:

total 68

-rw-r--r--  1 lighttpd lighttpd  7858 Aug 21 15:26 access.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 lighttpd lighttpd 37531 Aug 17 18:21 access.log-20120819

./nginx:

total 12

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    0 Aug 12 03:17 access.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  390 Aug 12 03:17 access.log-20120812.gz

8. Reverse Output Order

With combination of -ltr will shows latest modification file or directory date as last.

# ls -ltr

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

9. Sort Files by File Size

With combination of -lS displays file size in order, will display big in size first.

# ls -lS

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

10. Display Inode number of File or Directory

We can see some number printed before file / directory name. With -i options list file / directory with inode number.

# ls -i

20112 0001.pcap        23610 Documents         23793 index.html          23611 Music     23597 Templates

23564 anaconda-ks.cfg  23595 Downloads            22 install.log         23612 Pictures  23613 Videos

23594 Desktop          23585 fbcmd_update.php     35 install.log.syslog  23601 Public

11. Shows version of ls command

Check version of ls command.

# ls --version

ls (GNU coreutils) 8.4

Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

12. Show Help Page

List help page of ls command with their option.

# ls --help

Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

13. List Directory Information

With ls -l command list files under directory /tmp. Wherein with -ld parameters displays information of /tmp directory.

# ls -l /tmp

total 408

drwx------. 2 narad narad   4096 Aug  2 02:00 CRX_75DAF8CB7768

-r--------. 1 root  root  384683 Aug  4 12:28 htop-1.0.1.tar.gz

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug  4 11:20 keyring-6Mfjnk

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug 16 01:33 keyring-pioZJr

drwx------. 2 gdm   gdm     4096 Aug 21 11:26 orbit-gdm

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug 19 08:41 pulse-gl6o4ZdxQVrX

drwx------. 2 narad narad   4096 Aug  4 08:16 pulse-UDH76ExwUVoU

drwx------. 2 gdm   gdm     4096 Aug 21 11:26 pulse-wJtcweUCtvhn

-rw-------. 1 root  root     300 Aug 16 03:34 yum_save_tx-2012-08-16-03-34LJTAa1.yumtx
# ls -ld /tmp/

drwxrwxrwt. 13 root root 4096 Aug 21 12:48 /tmp/

14. Display UID and GID of Files

To display UID and GID of files and directories. use option -n with ls command.

# ls -n

total 36

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Downloads

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Pictures

-rw-rw-r--. 1 500 500   12 Aug 21 13:06 tmp.txt

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Videos

15. ls command and it’s Aliases

We have made alias for ls command, when we execute ls command it’ll take -l option by default and display long listing as mentioned earlier.

# alias ls="ls -l"

Note: We can see number of alias available in your system with below alias command and same can be unalias as shown below example.

# alias

alias cp='cp -i'

alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'

alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias rm='rm -i'

alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

To remove an alias previously defined, just use the unalias command.

# unalias ls

In our next article we’ll cover up more or advanced ls command with their examples. If we’ve missed anything in the list, please update us via comment section.

15 Basic ‘ls’ Command Examples in Linux的更多相关文章

  1. 15 Practical Grep Command Examples In Linux / UNIX

    You should get a grip on the Linux grep command. This is part of the on-going 15 Examples series, wh ...

  2. 13 Basic Cat Command Examples in Linux(转) Linux中cat命令的13中基本用法

    Cat (串联) 命令是Linux/Unix开源系统中比较常用的一个命令.我们可以通过Cat命令创建一个或多个文件,查看文件内容,串联文件并将内容输出到终端设备或新的文件当中,这篇文章我们将会以实例的 ...

  3. 13 Basic Cat Command Examples in Linux

    FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/13-basic-cat-command-examples-in-linux/ The cat (short for “concatenate ...

  4. 18 Tar Command Examples in Linux

    FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ 18 Tar Command Examples in Linux By R ...

  5. 【转】12 TOP Command Examples in Linux

    12个top命令 1. # top 2. # top,后输入shift+O,在“Current Sort Field:”中选左边的field对应的字母进行排序. 3. # top -u tecmint ...

  6. 15 Linux Split and Join Command Examples to Manage Large Files--reference

    by HIMANSHU ARORA on OCTOBER 16, 2012 http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/10/15-linux-split-and-join-co ...

  7. 12 Linux Which Command, Whatis Command, Whereis Command Examples

    This Linux tutorial will explain the three "W" commands. The three "W"s are what ...

  8. Top 30 Nmap Command Examples For Sys/Network Admins

    Nmap is short for Network Mapper. It is an open source security tool for network exploration, securi ...

  9. 8 Pratical Examples of Linux “Touch” Command--reference

    In Linux every single file is associated with timestamps, and every file stores the information of l ...

随机推荐

  1. Linux命令之time

    我使用过的Linux命令之time - 测定一个命令的资源使用情况 本文链接:http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/798788   (转载请注明出处) 用途说明 ...

  2. 自定义Windows服务并实施安装

    1.新建项目DemoService,并添加windows服务,命名DemoService 2.添加代码 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; ...

  3. [ CodeVS冲杯之路 ] P1220

    不充钱,你怎么AC? 题目:http://codevs.cn/problem/1220/ 一个标准的DAG上的DP,设 f[i][j] 为在第 i 行第 j 最大分数 因为这个状态是无后效性的,所以可 ...

  4. 傻逼数学题(math)

    傻逼数学题 题目描述 由于乱码,复制不下来,只好截图了 输入格式 第一行一个正整数n 接下来n行每行两个整数x,y,表示第i个点的坐标 输出格式 一行一个数表示最小距离和,保留6位小数 样例输入 4 ...

  5. 魔法使的烟花（NOIP模拟赛Round 7）

    [问题描述] 魔法森林里有很多蘑菇,魔法使常常采摘它们来制作魔法药水.为了在6月的那个奇妙的晚上用魔法绽放出最绚丽的烟花,魔法使决定对魔法森林进行一番彻底的勘探. 魔法森林分为n个区域,由n-1条长度 ...

  6. 《Linux命令、编辑器与shell编程》第三版 学习笔记---000

    Linux概述 1.具有内核编程接口 2.支持多用户(同时) 3.支持多任务 4.支持安全的分层文件系统 a.标准 b.链接 c.权限 5.shell(命令解释器和编程语言) a.文件名生成(通配符和 ...

  7. fork+exec 与system，popen区别

    1.fork + exec fork用来创建一个子进程.一个程序一调用fork函数,系统就为一个新的进程准备了前述三个段,首先,系统让新的进程与旧的进程使用同一个代码段,因为它们的程序还是相同的,对于 ...

  8. centos6.5 安装mysql

    在centos6.5上通过yum安装mysql: 1. yum list |grep mysql   (查看版本) 2.安装mysql yum install -y mysql-server mysq ...

  9. 【Android开发日记】之入门篇（一）——开发环境的搭建

    写给自己的话:至此,大学的时光已经剩下一年的时光,下一年等毕业设计结束后就算是正式地踏入社会.自己学android也不过几个月的时间,为了更好管理文档,写点东西记录下自己曾经做过的点点滴滴是一个不错的 ...

  10. Jquery学习之路(一) 实现checkbox全选方法

    昨天早上有写到怎么利用Jquery实现全选 根据大家的意见对程序中一些写法不好的地方进行了修改,也是本人水平有限,存在各种考虑不到的地方. 文章最后我提出了一个问题,要写一个通用的方法来调用,于是就有 ...