FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/15-basic-ls-command-examples-in-linux/

ls command is one of the most frequently used command in Linux. I believe ls command is the first command you may use when you get into the command prompt of Linux Box. We use ls command daily basis and frequently even though we may not aware and never use all the option available. In this article, we’ll be discussing basic ls command where we have tried to cover as much parameters as possible.

Linux ls Command

1. List Files using ls with no option

ls
with no option list files and directories in bare format where we won’t
be able to view details like file types, size, modified date and time,
permission and links etc.

# ls

0001.pcap        Desktop    Downloads         index.html   install.log.syslog  Pictures  Templates

anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  fbcmd_update.php  install.log  Music               Public    Videos

2 List Files With option –l

Here, ls -l (-l is character not one) shows file or directory, size, modified date and time, file or folder name and owner of file and it’s permission.

# ls -l

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

3. View Hidden Files

List all files including hidden file starting with ‘.‘.

# ls -a

.                .bashrc  Documents         .gconfd          install.log         .nautilus     .pulse-cookie

..               .cache   Downloads         .gnome2          install.log.syslog  .netstat.swp  .recently-used.xbel

0001.pcap        .config  .elinks           .gnome2_private  .kde                .opera        .spice-vdagent

anaconda-ks.cfg  .cshrc   .esd_auth         .gtk-bookmarks   .libreoffice        Pictures      .tcshrc

.bash_history    .dbus    .fbcmd            .gvfs            .local              .pki          Templates

.bash_logout     Desktop  fbcmd_update.php  .ICEauthority    .mozilla            Public        Videos

.bash_profile    .digrc   .gconf            index.html       Music               .pulse        .wireshark

4. List Files with Human Readable Format with option -lh

With combination of -lh option, shows sizes in human readable format.

# ls -lh

total 176K

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

-rw-------. 1 root root 1.6K Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4.0K Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  21K Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  46K Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  48K Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  12K Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Jul 31 02:48 Videos

5. List Files and Directories with ‘/’ Character at the end

Using -F option with ls command, will add the ‘/’ Character at the end each directory.

# ls -F

0001.pcap        Desktop/    Downloads/        index.html   install.log.syslog  Pictures/  Templates/

anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents/  fbcmd_update.php  install.log  Music/              Public/    Videos/

6. List Files in Reverse Order

The following command with ls -r option display files and directories in reverse order.

# ls -r

Videos     Public    Music               install.log  fbcmd_update.php  Documents  anaconda-ks.cfg

Templates  Pictures  install.log.syslog  index.html   Downloads         Desktop    0001.pcap

7. Recursively list Sub-Directories

ls -R option will list very long listing directory trees. See an example of output of the command.

# ls -R

total 1384

-rw-------. 1 root     root      33408 Aug  8 17:25 anaconda.log

-rw-------. 1 root     root      30508 Aug  8 17:25 anaconda.program.log

./httpd:

total 132

-rw-r--r--  1 root root     0 Aug 19 03:14 access_log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61916 Aug 10 17:55 access_log-20120812

./lighttpd:

total 68

-rw-r--r--  1 lighttpd lighttpd  7858 Aug 21 15:26 access.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 lighttpd lighttpd 37531 Aug 17 18:21 access.log-20120819

./nginx:

total 12

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    0 Aug 12 03:17 access.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  390 Aug 12 03:17 access.log-20120812.gz

8. Reverse Output Order

With combination of -ltr will shows latest modification file or directory date as last.

# ls -ltr

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

9. Sort Files by File Size

With combination of -lS displays file size in order, will display big in size first.

# ls -lS

total 176

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 48867 Jul 31 02:17 install.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46701 Jul 31 09:58 index.html

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21262 Aug 12 12:42 fbcmd_update.php

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11439 Jul 31 02:13 install.log.syslog

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Aug 16 02:55 Downloads

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Jul 31 02:48 Videos

-rw-------. 1 root root  1586 Jul 31 02:17 anaconda-ks.cfg

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   683 Aug 19 09:59 0001.pcap

10. Display Inode number of File or Directory

We can see some number printed before file / directory name. With -i options list file / directory with inode number.

# ls -i

20112 0001.pcap        23610 Documents         23793 index.html          23611 Music     23597 Templates

23564 anaconda-ks.cfg  23595 Downloads            22 install.log         23612 Pictures  23613 Videos

23594 Desktop          23585 fbcmd_update.php     35 install.log.syslog  23601 Public

11. Shows version of ls command

Check version of ls command.

# ls --version

ls (GNU coreutils) 8.4

Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

12. Show Help Page

List help page of ls command with their option.

# ls --help

Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

13. List Directory Information

With ls -l command list files under directory /tmp. Wherein with -ld parameters displays information of /tmp directory.

# ls -l /tmp

total 408

drwx------. 2 narad narad   4096 Aug  2 02:00 CRX_75DAF8CB7768

-r--------. 1 root  root  384683 Aug  4 12:28 htop-1.0.1.tar.gz

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug  4 11:20 keyring-6Mfjnk

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug 16 01:33 keyring-pioZJr

drwx------. 2 gdm   gdm     4096 Aug 21 11:26 orbit-gdm

drwx------. 2 root  root    4096 Aug 19 08:41 pulse-gl6o4ZdxQVrX

drwx------. 2 narad narad   4096 Aug  4 08:16 pulse-UDH76ExwUVoU

drwx------. 2 gdm   gdm     4096 Aug 21 11:26 pulse-wJtcweUCtvhn

-rw-------. 1 root  root     300 Aug 16 03:34 yum_save_tx-2012-08-16-03-34LJTAa1.yumtx
# ls -ld /tmp/

drwxrwxrwt. 13 root root 4096 Aug 21 12:48 /tmp/

14. Display UID and GID of Files

To display UID and GID of files and directories. use option -n with ls command.

# ls -n

total 36

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Downloads

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Pictures

-rw-rw-r--. 1 500 500   12 Aug 21 13:06 tmp.txt

drwxr-xr-x. 2 500 500 4096 Aug  2 01:52 Videos

15. ls command and it’s Aliases

We have made alias for ls command, when we execute ls command it’ll take -l option by default and display long listing as mentioned earlier.

# alias ls="ls -l"

Note: We can see number of alias available in your system with below alias command and same can be unalias as shown below example.

# alias

alias cp='cp -i'

alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'

alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias rm='rm -i'

alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

To remove an alias previously defined, just use the unalias command.

# unalias ls

In our next article we’ll cover up more or advanced ls command with their examples. If we’ve missed anything in the list, please update us via comment section.

15 Basic ‘ls’ Command Examples in Linux的更多相关文章

  1. 15 Practical Grep Command Examples In Linux / UNIX

    You should get a grip on the Linux grep command. This is part of the on-going 15 Examples series, wh ...

  2. 13 Basic Cat Command Examples in Linux(转) Linux中cat命令的13中基本用法

    Cat (串联) 命令是Linux/Unix开源系统中比较常用的一个命令.我们可以通过Cat命令创建一个或多个文件,查看文件内容,串联文件并将内容输出到终端设备或新的文件当中,这篇文章我们将会以实例的 ...

  3. 13 Basic Cat Command Examples in Linux

    FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/13-basic-cat-command-examples-in-linux/ The cat (short for “concatenate ...

  4. 18 Tar Command Examples in Linux

    FROM: http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ 18 Tar Command Examples in Linux By R ...

  5. 【转】12 TOP Command Examples in Linux

    12个top命令 1. # top 2. # top,后输入shift+O,在“Current Sort Field:”中选左边的field对应的字母进行排序. 3. # top -u tecmint ...

  6. 15 Linux Split and Join Command Examples to Manage Large Files--reference

    by HIMANSHU ARORA on OCTOBER 16, 2012 http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/10/15-linux-split-and-join-co ...

  7. 12 Linux Which Command, Whatis Command, Whereis Command Examples

    This Linux tutorial will explain the three "W" commands. The three "W"s are what ...

  8. Top 30 Nmap Command Examples For Sys/Network Admins

    Nmap is short for Network Mapper. It is an open source security tool for network exploration, securi ...

  9. 8 Pratical Examples of Linux “Touch” Command--reference

    In Linux every single file is associated with timestamps, and every file stores the information of l ...

随机推荐

  1. 雅礼集训 Day6 T2 Equation 解题报告

    Equation 题目描述 有一棵\(n\)个点的以\(1\)为根的树,以及\(n\)个整数变量\(x_i\).树上\(i\)的父亲是\(f_i\),每条边\((i,f_i)\)有一个权值\(w_i\ ...

  2. Spring之WebSocket网页聊天以及服务器推送

    Spring之WebSocket网页聊天以及服务器推送 转自:http://www.xdemo.org/spring-websocket-comet/ /Springframework /Spring ...

  3. java：网络编程（InetAddress，InetSocketAddress，URL，TCP（Socket与SeverSocket），TCP与UDP的区别）

    InerAddress: /**IP地址:在网络上唯一标示一台计算机 * 端口号:标示计算机上不同的应用程序 * java.net.InetAddress类:此类表示互联网协议 (IP) 地址. * ...

  4. 汕头市队赛 SRM 07 A 你的麻将会排序吗

    A 你的麻将会排序吗 SRM 07 曾经有过一些沉迷日麻的小孩纸,后来呀,他们都去寻找自己的世界了. kpm也是这样的小孩纸.他想有一只自动整理牌的机器.当麻将以给定的顺序进入机器时,通过机器的运转, ...

  5. Mongodb的学习整理（下）

    聚合 aggregate 聚合(aggregate)主要用于计算数据,类似sql中的sum().avg() 语法 db.集合名称.aggregate([{管道:{表达式}}]) 管道 管道在Unix和 ...

  6. Sublime Text 3 使用技巧，插件

    一.安装 官网下载最新版安装包,地址自行百度,或者我的网盘 不要安装某些网站提供的安装包*3,原因如下: 1,安装过程捆绑一些不必要的软件 2,测试过程中,某些功能受到限制 快捷键大全 3,一些设置, ...

  7. POJ 1189 钉子和小球

    题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1189 dp 可以知道一共有2^n条路径,则设顶点有2^n个球,若当前为'*'则向左右的球各有一半:若为'.',则球全部掉入正下方. # ...

  8. Codeforces Gym 101194G Pandaria （2016 ACM-ICPC EC-Final G题， 并查集 + 线段树合并）

    题目链接  2016 ACM-ICPC EC-Final Problem G 题意  给定一个无向图.每个点有一种颜色. 现在给定$q$个询问,每次询问$x$和$w$,求所有能通过边权值不超过$w$的 ...

  9. 前台vue的使用简单小结

    前台vue的使用简单小结 本项目要求:安装有node.js 6.0以及以上安装npm使用vue.js官方安装方法初始化项目npm install安装VueResurce:npm install vue ...

  10. C++之++运算符重载问题

    记录++之前先记一下左右值和存取数据的问题 数据的存放分三个部分,堆区,栈区和静态变量区 左值可以更改,右值不能更改 栈区和堆区存储的都是左值,可以随意更改其值,静态变量区部分数据是右值,比如cons ...