Python 接口测试（三）

四：python接口之http请求

python的强大之处在于提供了很多的标准库以及第三库，本文介绍urllib

和第三库的requests。

Urllib 定义了很多函数和类，这些函数和类能够帮助我们在复杂的情况下获取url内容。复杂情况— 基本的和深入的验证, 重定向, cookies 等等

Urllib的GET请求代码如下:

import urllib.request
 
url='http://www.baidu.com'
 
response=urllib.request.Request(url=url)
 
html=urllib.request.urlopen(response)
 
print(html.getcode())
 
print(html.headers)

请求结果：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3.4 /Users/playcrab/PycharmProjects/jiekouceshi/pachong.py

200

Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2017 08:08:36 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Connection: Close

Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=D3E5547ACC26D3908EBB29522BABCCD4:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=D3E5547ACC26D3908EBB29522BABCCD4; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487578116; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/

Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/

Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=21935_1455_21090_17001_22036; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "

Cache-Control: private

Cxy_all: baidu+547441cee80f5b2514d2439b86d8b151

Expires: Mon, 20 Feb 2017 08:08:33 GMT

X-Powered-By: HPHP

Server: BWS/1.1

X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1

BDPAGETYPE: 1

BDQID: 0xc3d33f280001f43e

BDUSERID: 0

Urllib的Post请求，代码：

import urllib.request
 
import urllib.parse
 
url='http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api'
 
data={"key": "your", "info": '你好'}
 
data=urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
 
re=urllib.request.Request(url,data)
 
html=urllib.request.urlopen(re)
 
print(html.getcode(),html.msg)
 
print(html.read())

结果：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3.4 /Users/playcrab/PycharmProjects/jiekouceshi/pachong.py

200 OK

b'{"code":40001,"text":"\xe4\xba\xb2\xe7\x88\xb1\xe7\x9a\x84\xef\xbc\x8ckey\xe4\xb8\x8d\xe5\xaf\xb9\xe5\x93\xa6\xe3\x80\x82"}'

(注：这里不是乱码是输出格式的问题。)

下面介绍下requests库的http请求、

GET请求：

import requests
 
r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
 
print(r.headers)

结果：

结果：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3.4 /Users/playcrab/PycharmProjects/jiekouceshi/pachong.py

200 OK

b'{"code":40001,"text":"\xe4\xba\xb2\xe7\x88\xb1\xe7\x9a\x84\xef\xbc\x8ckey\xe4\xb8\x8d\xe5\xaf\xb9\xe5\x93\xa6\xe3\x80\x82"}'

(注：这里不是乱码是输出格式的问题。)

下面介绍下requests库的http请求、

GET请求：

import requests
r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(r.headers)

结果：

{'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:23:55 GMT', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'Pragma': 'no-cache', 'Cache-Control': 'private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Date': 'Mon, 20 Feb 2017 08:30:29 GMT', 'Server': 'bfe/1.0.8.18', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/, __bsi=12827760870170119103_00_7_N_N_2_0301_002F_N_N_N_0; expires=Mon, 20-Feb-17 08:30:34 GMT; domain=www.baidu.com; path=/'}

POST请求：

import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print(r.text)

@font-face { font-family: "Times"; }@font-face { font-family: "宋体"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria Math"; }@font-face { font-family: "@宋体"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }@font-face { font-family: "Menlo"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; }p { margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; }pre { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Courier; }span.HTML { font-family: Courier; }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; font-family: Cambria; }div.WordSection1 { }

结果：

{

  "args": {}, 

  "data": "", 

  "files": {}, 

  "form": {

    "key1": "value1", 

    "key2": "value2"

  }, 

  "headers": {

    "Accept": "*/*", 

    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 

    "Content-Length": "23", 

    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 

    "Host": "httpbin.org", 

    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0"

  }, 

  "json": null, 

  "origin": "180.87.10.156", 

  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"

以上是利用urllib和requests发送GET和POST请求的事例。