RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。

MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。

RabbitMQ 是什么？:  消息队列 .

　　其他队列 :- queue  - redis列表  - rabbitmq - zeromq

为什么要有消息队列？： 　　

　　　　- 生产者消费者

　　　　- 数据通信　

　　　　 - rest api，http协议发送的json格式数据
             　　　　 - webservice，http协议发送的xml格式数据
             　　　　 - rpc，基于socket并使用自己封装的协议进行数据传输

　　

RabbitMQ安装

服务端  　LInux

yum install rabbitmq-server 
客户端  
pip3 install pika 
运行
rabbitmq-server

systemctl start rabbitmq-server

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user wupeiqi 123

# 设置用户为administrator角色

sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags wupeiqi administrator

# 设置权限

sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" root ".*" ".*" ".*"

systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

　a. 普通消息队列

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# 创建一个队列：s91

channel.queue_declare(queue='s91')

# 向队列s91中发送一个 Hello World!

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='s91',body='')

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='s91')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s91',no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

　b.ack

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# 创建一个队列：s91

channel.queue_declare(queue='s91')

# 向队列s91中发送一个 Hello World!

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='s91',body='')

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# channel.queue_declare(queue='s91')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(body)

    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s91',no_ack=False)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

　c.服务端持久化

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent

channel.queue_declare(queue='s92', durable=True)

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

                      routing_key='s92',

                      body='Hello World!',

                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(

                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent

                      ))

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent

channel.queue_declare(queue='s92', durable=True)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s92',no_ack=False)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

　d.取数据顺序

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent

channel.queue_declare(queue='s92', durable=True)

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

                      routing_key='s92',

                      body='Hello World!',

                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(

                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent

                      ))

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent

channel.queue_declare(queue='s92', durable=True)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s92',no_ack=False)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

　e.fanout

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e1',exchange_type='fanout')

message = "Hello World!"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='e1',routing_key='',body=message)

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e1',exchange_type='fanout')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e1',queue=queue_name)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e1',exchange_type='fanout')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e1',queue=queue_name)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s3

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e1',exchange_type='fanout')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e1',queue=queue_name)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s4

　f.direct

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e2',exchange_type='direct')

message = "Hello World!"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='e2',routing_key='error',body=message)

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e2',exchange_type='direct')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e2',queue=queue_name,routing_key='info')

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e2',queue=queue_name,routing_key='error')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e2',exchange_type='direct')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e2',queue=queue_name,routing_key='error')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s3

　g.topic

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e3',exchange_type='topic')

message = "Hello World!"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='e3',routing_key='info.xx.uu',body=message)

connection.close()

s1

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e3',exchange_type='topic')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e3',queue=queue_name,routing_key='info.*')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='e3',exchange_type='topic')

# 随机生成对列名

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

# 让队列和e1绑定

channel.queue_bind(exchange='e3',queue=queue_name,routing_key='info.#')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s3

　h.超时时间

import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root","")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.13.92',credentials=credentials))

connection.add_timeout(5, lambda: channel.stop_consuming())

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='s91')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

    print(body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s91',no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

s2

使用：
　　a. 普通消息队列

　　b. 批量向多个队列中发送

　　c. 根据关键字匹配向队列中发送

　　d. 模糊匹配向队列中发送

问题：
1. exchange的作用？
　　- exchange和队列进行绑定
　　- 用户向队列发送数据时，无序再找队列，直接向exchange中发送即可。

2. rabbitmq中有几种exchange？
　　- fanout，只要绑定就发
　　- dirct，确定关键字
　　- topic，模糊匹配

3. 消息持久化和ack
　　- 服务端（durable）
　　- 客户端（ack）

看官方文档 -----------------------------------------------------
　　　　http://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

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