api (二) 创建控件 (转)

在Win32 SDK环境下，怎么来创建常用的那些基本控件呢？我们知道如果用MFC，简单的拖放即可完成大多数控件的创建，但是我们既然是用Windows SDK API编程，当然是从根上解决这个问题，实际上MFC的下层也是通过这些API完成的。

实际上控件也是窗口，只不过是被微软预先创建好的一种窗口类，比如button就是一个类名为“BUTTON”的类。既然控件实际上是窗口，当然也是用CreateWindow或者CreateWindowEx这个函数来完成的，第二个函数除了多一个扩展风格之外，其他完全一样，下面以主要以CreateWindow为例说明，该函数原型如下（实际上在第一篇已经讲过了）：

 

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HWND CreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName,     LPCTSTR lpWindowName,     DWORD dwStyle,     int x,   int y,   int nWidth,   int nHeight,     HWND hWndParent,     HMENU hMenu,     HANDLE hInstance,     PVOID lpParam );

lpClassName：控件的类名

lpWindowName：控件的名字或者文本

dwStyle：控件风格

x，y，nWidth，nHeight：控件的坐标和宽高

hWndParent：控件的父窗口

hMenu：控件的ID

hInstance：控件设置为空

lpParam：控件设为空

那么具体怎么实现各个基本的控件呢？下面我们来先依次举例。

• 创建标签/静态文本

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20,  hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建button

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建编辑框

 

1	CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,  10, 70, 80, 20,  hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建Groupbox

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("frame"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建单选框

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("radio button"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);

• 创建复选框

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);

• 创建列表框

 

1	CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建组合框

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST,  120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);

• 创建滚动条

 

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);

以上创建各个控件都很差傻瓜化，你可以复制下来改改坐标、文本、风格、ID等就可以按照你的需要创建了。

下面我们就来实战一下，把这些常用的控件在程序中实现，下面我们来实现一个完整的windows程序，程序中包含了这些常用的控件和更多的用法。

/* 常用控件实例 */

 

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#include <windows.h>   #define IDC_STATIC1  1001 #define IDC_BUTTON1  1002 #define IDC_EDIT1    1003 #define IDC_FRAME1   1004 #define IDC_MALE     2001 #define IDC_FEMALE   2002 #define IDC_LISTBOX1 1005 #define IDC_CB1      1006 #define IDC_CKBRED   1007 #define IDC_CKBGRN   1008 #define IDC_CKBBLU   1009 #define IDC_SCB1     1010 #define IDC_SCB2     1011   static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin32"); static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);   int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) {    HWND     hWnd;    MSG      msg;    WNDCLASS wndclass;      wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;    wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0;    wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0;    wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance;    wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);    wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);    wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL;    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;      if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))    {       MessageBox (NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);       return 0;    }      hWnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,                  // window class name                      szAppName,                 // window caption                      WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        // window style                      CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial x position                      CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial y position                      400,              // initial x size                      300,              // initial y size                      NULL,                       // parent window handle                      NULL,                       // window menu handle                      hInstance,                // program instance handle                      NULL);                     // creation parameters      ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);    UpdateWindow(hWnd);      while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))    {       TranslateMessage(&msg);       DispatchMessage(&msg);    }      return msg.wParam; }   static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {    HWND hCtrl;      switch (message)    {    case WM_CREATE:       CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);         CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,  10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);         CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("性别"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("男"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("女"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 194, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FEMALE, NULL, NULL);         CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("绿色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 180, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBGRN, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("蓝色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 240, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBBLU, NULL, NULL);         hCtrl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);       SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str1"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str2"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str3"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str4"));         hCtrl = CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);       SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str1"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str2"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str3"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str4"));       SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_SETCURSEL, 1, 0);         CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);       CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_VERT, 240, 100, 20, 120, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB2, NULL, NULL);       return 0;      case WM_COMMAND:    {       HWND hwndTmp;       int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);       switch (wmId)       {          case IDC_BUTTON1:          hwndTmp = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_STATIC1);          SetWindowText(hwndTmp, TEXT("New Text"));          MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("Text Changed!"), TEXT("info"), MB_OK);          break;       }    }    return 0;      case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC:    {       HDC hdc = (HDC)wParam;       SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00));    }    return (BOOL)((HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));      case WM_DESTROY:       PostQuitMessage(0);       return 0;    }      return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); }

编译一下运行，结果如下：

怎么样，是不是很简单，虽然我们的控件创建比MFC麻烦一下，但是我们是从“根”上来解决问题的，感觉是不一样的！有了这些基本的用法，你就可以构建更加复制的Windows界面了。赶快去试试吧。

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