Socket编程实践(4) --更复杂的过程server

1.Socket地址复用

int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
               void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
               const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);

服务端尽可能使用SO_REUSEADDR,在绑定之前尽可能调用setsockopt来设置SO_REUSEADDR套接字选项。该选项能够使得server不必等待TIME_WAIT状态消失就能够重新启动服务器(对于TIME_WAIT状态会在后面续有叙述).

能够在bind之前加入代码(完整代码请參照博文最后):

    int on = 1;
    if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
                   &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
        err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");

用以支持地址复用.

2.process-per-connecton

我们的echo服务器最大的缺点就是无法支持多客户连接,即使客户端能够连接到服务器上(client端connect时并没有出错返回), 服务器也不为该客户做服务,(直接没什么反应),尽管链接是有的(也就是说,客户端是已经连接到服务器上的了,可是服务器就是不搭理你....), 我们提出的改进方案是process-per-connection(一条连接一个进程, 我们在多线程那一章中以前提出过一条连接一个线程, 这样的方案相比較而言能够比多进程拥有更高的并发量);

/** 演示样例:echo server改进, 多进程模型(client并未更改)**/
void echo(int clientfd);
int main()
{
    int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (listenfd == -1)
        err_exit("socket error");
    int on = 1;
    if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
                   &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
        err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");

    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
        err_exit("bind error");
    if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
        err_exit("listen error");

    struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
    //谨记: 此处一定要初始化
    socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
    while (true)
    {
        int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
        if (clientfd == -1)
            err_exit("accept error");
        //打印客户IP地址与端口号
        cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
             << ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;

        pid_t pid = fork();
        if (pid == -1)
            err_exit("fork error");
        else if (pid > 0)
            close(clientfd);
        //子进程处理链接
        else if (pid == 0)
        {
            close(listenfd);
            echo(clientfd);
            //子进程一定要exit, 否则的话, 该子进程也会回到accept处
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }
    }
    close(listenfd);
}
void echo(int clientfd)
{
    char buf[512] = {0};
    int readBytes;
    while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
    {
        cout << buf;
        if (write(clientfd, buf, readBytes) == -1)
            err_exit("write socket error");
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    }
    if (readBytes == 0)
    {
        cerr << "client connect closed..." << endl;
        close(clientfd);
    }
    else if (readBytes == -1)
        err_exit("read socket error");
}

完整代码实现:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/hanqing280441589/8458053

3. P2P聊天程序设计与实现

server端与client都有两个进程:

(1)父进程负责从socket中读取数据将其写至终端, 因为父进程使用的是read系统调用的堵塞版本号, 因此假设socket中没有数据的话, 父进程会一直堵塞; 假设read返回0, 表示对端连接关闭, 则父进程会发送SIGUSR1信号给子进程, 通知其退出;

(2)子进程负责从键盘读取数据将其写入socket, 假设键盘没有数据的话, 则fgets调用会一直堵塞;

//serever端代码与说明
int main()
{
    int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (listenfd == -1)
        err_exit("socket error");
    int on = 1;
    if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
                   &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
        err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");

    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
        err_exit("bind error");
    if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
        err_exit("listen error");

    struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
    socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
    int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
    if (clientfd == -1)
        err_exit("accept error");
    close(listenfd);
    //打印客户IP地址与端口号
    cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
         << ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;

    char buf[512] = {0};
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1)
        err_exit("fork error");
    //父进程: socket -> terminal
    else if (pid > 0)
    {
        int readBytes;
        while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
        {
            cout << buf;
            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        }
        if (readBytes == 0)
            cout << "client connect closed...\nserver exiting..." << endl;
        else if (readBytes == -1)
            err_exit("read socket error");
        //通知子进程退出
        kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
    }
    //子进程: keyboard -> socket
    else if (pid == 0)
    {
        signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
        while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
        {
            if (write(clientfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
                err_exit("write socket error");
            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        }
    }
    close(clientfd);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

//client端代码与说明
int main()
{
    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd == -1)
        err_exit("socket error");

    //填写服务器端口号与IP地址
    struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8001);
    serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    if (connect(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == -1)
        err_exit("connect error");

    char buf[512] = {0};
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1)
        err_exit("fork error");
    //父进程: socket -> terminal
    else if (pid > 0)
    {
        int readBytes;
        while ((readBytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
        {
            cout << buf;
            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        }
        if (readBytes == 0)
            cout << "server connect closed...\nclient exiting..." << endl;
        else if (readBytes == -1)
            err_exit("read socket error");
        kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
    }
    //子进程: keyboard -> socket
    else if (pid == 0)
    {
        signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
        while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
        {
            if (write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
                err_exit("write socket error");
            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        }
    }
    close(sockfd);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

完整代码实现:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/hanqing280441589/8460013

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