深入学习c++--多线程编程（一）

1. 简介

2. 线程使用

2.1 demo

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <future>
using namespace std; 

void helloworld()
{
    cout << "hello world \n";
}

int main()
{

    //开启一个线程
    std::thread t(helloworld);
    std::cout << "hello world main thread\n";

    //线程的终结
    t.join(); 

    return ;
}

2.2 一个简单的应用

• 查看当前线程id: this_thread::get_id()
• 比较单线程和多线程工作的效率(如果工作不太消耗时间，多线程反而比单线程更耗时间）

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <future>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std; 

double caculate(int v)
{
    if (v <= ) {
        return v;
    }
    //假设这个计算很慢
    this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds());
    return sqrt((v * v + sqrt((v - ) * (v + 2.5)) / 2.0) / v);
}

template<typename Iter, typename Fun>
double visitRange(thread::id id, Iter iterBegin, Iter iterEnd, Fun func)
{
    auto curId = this_thread::get_id();
    if (id == this_thread::get_id()) {
        cout << curId << " hello main thread\n";
    }
    else {
        cout << curId << " hello work thread\n";
    }
    double v = ;
    for (auto iter = iterBegin; iter != iterEnd; ++iter) {
        v += func(*iter);
    }
    return v;
}

int main()
{
    auto mainThreadId = std::this_thread::get_id();
    //开启一个线程
    std::vector<double> v;
    for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
    {
        v.push_back(rand());
    }
    cout << v.size() << endl;
     double value = 0.0;
    auto st = clock();
    for (auto & info : v)
    {
        value += caculate(info);
    }
    auto ed = clock();
    cout << "single thread: " << value << " " << ed - st << "time" << endl;

    //下面用多线程来进行 

    auto iterMid = v.begin() + (v.size() / );     // 指向整个vector一半部分
    //计算后半部分
    double anotherv = 0.0;
    auto iterEnd = v.end();
    st = clock();    

    std::thread s([&anotherv, mainThreadId, iterMid, iterEnd]() {           // lambda
        anotherv = visitRange(mainThreadId, iterMid, iterEnd, caculate);

    });
    // 计算前半部分
    auto halfv = visitRange(mainThreadId, v.begin(), iterMid, caculate);

    //关闭线程
    s.join(); 

    ed = clock();
    cout << "multi thread: " << (halfv + anotherv) << " " << ed - st << "time" << endl;

    return ;
}