读Vue源码 （依赖收集与派发更新）

vue的依赖收集是定义在defineReactive方法中，通过Object.defineProperty来设置getter，红字部分主要做依赖收集，先判断了Dep.target如果有的情况会执行红字逻辑进行依赖收集过程

const getter = property && property.get
  if (!getter && arguments.length === 2) {
    val = obj[key]
  }
  const setter = property && property.set

  let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)
  Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter () {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      if (Dep.target) {
        dep.depend()
        if (childOb) {
          childOb.dep.depend()
          if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            dependArray(value)
          }
        }
      }
      return value
    },

Dep是一个类，target是Dep的一个静态属性，是一个Watcher，上面如果有target的话，会执行dep.depend方法，就是调用addDep方法

export default class Dep {
  static target: ?Watcher;
  id: number;
  subs: Array<Watcher>;

  constructor () {
    this.id = uid++
    this.subs = []
  }

  addSub (sub: Watcher) {
    this.subs.push(sub)
  }

  removeSub (sub: Watcher) {
    remove(this.subs, sub)
  }

  depend () {
    if (Dep.target) {
      Dep.target.addDep(this)
    }
  }

  notify () {
    // stabilize the subscriber list first
    const subs = this.subs.slice()
    for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
      subs[i].update()
    }
  }
}

addDep是定义值Watcher类下面的一个方法，通过一些逻辑判断是否存在，在执行上面Dep的addSub方法，将渲染watcher push 到subs数组里,然后我们看下是什么时候将Dep.tartget赋值的

addDep (dep: Dep) {
    const id = dep.id
    if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
      this.newDepIds.add(id)
      this.newDeps.push(dep)
      if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
        dep.addSub(this)
      }
    }
  }

在我们调用mountComponent方法时，会实例化Watcher

export function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') ||
        vm.$options.el || el) {
        warn(
          'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' +
          'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' +
          'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.',
          vm
        )
      } else {
        warn(
          'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.',
          vm
        )
      }
    }
  }
  callHook(vm, 'beforeMount')

  let updateComponent
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    updateComponent = () => {
      const name = vm._name
      const id = vm._uid
      const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
      const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`

      mark(startTag)
      const vnode = vm._render()
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)

      mark(startTag)
      vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
    }
  } else {
    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
    }
  }

  // we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
  // since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
  // component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
  new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, null, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
  hydrating = false

  // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
  // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
  if (vm.$vnode == null) {
    vm._isMounted = true
    callHook(vm, 'mounted')
  }
  return vm
}

在new  Watcher的过程中有一个get方法，会执行pushTargert方法

get () {
    pushTarget(this)
    let value
    const vm = this.vm
    try {
      value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
    } catch (e) {
      if (this.user) {
        handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
      } else {
        throw e
      }
    } finally {
      // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
      // dependencies for deep watching
      if (this.deep) {
        traverse(value)
      }
      popTarget()
      this.cleanupDeps()
    }
    return value
  }

而pushTarget方法就是将当前的watcher 赋值给Dep.target

export function pushTarget (_target: ?Watcher) {
  if (Dep.target) targetStack.push(Dep.target)
  Dep.target = _target
}

Vue的派发更新，首先获取原有值和新值，然后对新值和旧值作对比，如果相同什么也不做，否则将新值赋值给val，如果新值仍然是个对象，则在重新调用observe方法将其变成响应式，最后调用dep.notify方法

set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */
      if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {
        return
      }
      /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {
        customSetter()
      }
      if (setter) {
        setter.call(obj, newVal)
      } else {
        val = newVal
      }
      childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
      dep.notify()
    }

dep.notyify方法，就是遍历所有的订阅者，也就是渲染watcher,使每一个watcher调用update方法

notify () {
    // stabilize the subscriber list first
    const subs = this.subs.slice()
    for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
      subs[i].update()
    }
  }

实际就是每个watcher执行queueWatcher()方法

update () {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (this.lazy) {
      this.dirty = true
    } else if (this.sync) {
      this.run()
    } else {
      queueWatcher(this)
    }
  }

queueWatcher方法，先将watcher push到队列中，然后再下一个tick内执行flushSchedulerQueue，nextTick就是对promise的一层封装

export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {
  const id = watcher.id
  if (has[id] == null) {
    has[id] = true
    if (!flushing) {
      queue.push(watcher)
    } else {
      // if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id
      // if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.
      let i = queue.length - 1
      while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {
        i--
      }
      queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)
    }
    // queue the flush
    if (!waiting) {
      waiting = true
      nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)
    }
  }
}

flushSchedulerQueue,首先对队列wacher进行排序，主要为了处理父子组件，userWatcher等情况，然后调用watcher.run方法

function flushSchedulerQueue () {
  flushing = true
  let watcher, id
  queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id)
  for (index = 0; index < queue.length; index++) {
    watcher = queue[index]
    id = watcher.id
    has[id] = null
    watcher.run()
    // in dev build, check and stop circular updates.
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && has[id] != null) {
      circular[id] = (circular[id] || 0) + 1
      if (circular[id] > MAX_UPDATE_COUNT) {
        warn(
          'You may have an infinite update loop ' + (
            watcher.user
              ? `in watcher with expression "${watcher.expression}"`
              : `in a component render function.`
          ),
          watcher.vm
        )
        break
      }
    }
  }

wathcer.run方法会将新值赋给value

run () {
    if (this.active) {
      const value = this.get()
      if (
        value !== this.value ||
        // Deep watchers and watchers on Object/Arrays should fire even
        // when the value is the same, because the value may
        // have mutated.
        isObject(value) ||
        this.deep
      ) {
        // set new value
        const oldValue = this.value
        this.value = value
        if (this.user) {
          try {
            this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
          } catch (e) {
            handleError(e, this.vm, `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
          }
        } else {
          this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
        }
      }
    }
  }