Digital Twin 数字孪生

GE的一个NB视频：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjk0NTMzODIyNA==.html

http://www.gongkong.com/news/201701/354714.html

“Digital Twin”既不是西门子的提出的，又非GE出品。根据目前所看到的资料，Digital Twin一词由美国密歇根大学的Michael Grieves教授，于2003年在他所讲授的PLM（产品生命周期管理）课程上引入，并且于2014年在其所撰写的“Digital Twin: Manufacturing Excellence through Virtual Factory Replication”白皮书中进行了详细的阐述。

在借用这个概念时，美国国防部提出利用Digital Twin技术，用于航空航天飞行器的健康维护与保障。在数字空间建立真实飞机的模型，并通过传感器实现与飞机真实状态完全同步，这样每次飞行后，根据结构现有情况和过往载荷，及时分析评估是否需要维修，能否承受下次的任务载荷等。

http://www.e-works.net.cn/report/digitaltwin/digitaltwin.html

http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/yhOuoPlBMoqRHG412nmidg

    ”数字双胞胎“理念的出现

数字双胞胎（Digital Twin）也被翻译成数字孪生，Wikipedia对其的解释为“Digital twin refers to computerized companions of physical assetsthat can be used for various purposes.A digital twin uses data from sensorsinstalled on physical objects to represent their near real-time status， workingcondition or position.”

数字双胞胎是指可以用于各种目的的物理资产的计算机化伴侣。数字双胞胎使用安装在物理对象上的传感器的数据来表示其近实时状态，工作状态或位置。

仿真是Digital Twin的基石

利用仿真技术，可以：

•在虚拟世界中建立物理系统的映射，利用该映射展示产品的性能或工艺过程。

•模拟并监控物理系统的真实使用，用于培训产品的维护和使用人员。

•对物理系统的性能进行评估，对故障或使用问题进行诊断，寻找根本原因。

•预测系统故障，提前制定规划或者维护方案，优化系统的使用性能，提高系统使用寿命。

http://www.linkedin.com/pulse/digital-twins-saju-skaria?utm_source=wechat_session&utm_medium=social

One example of digital twins can be the use of 3D modeling to create a digital companion for the physical object. It can be used to view the status of the actual physical object, which provides a way to project physical objects into the digital world. For example, when sensors collect data from a connected device, the sensor data can be used to update a "digital twin" copy of the device's state in real time. The digital twin is meant to be an up-to-date and accurate copy of the physical object's properties and states, including shape, position, gesture, status and motion.

第一步显示状态。

In another context, Digital twin can be also used for monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics. In this field, sensory data is sufficient for building digital twins. These models help to improve the outcome of prognostics by using and archiving historical information of physical assets and perform a comparison between fleets of geographically distributed machines.

第二步，监测、诊断、预测。

Therefore, complex prognostics and Intelligent Maintenance System platforms can leverage the use of digital twins in finding the root cause of issues and improve productivity. Digital twins of physical assets combined with digital representations of facilities and environments as well as people, businesses and processes will enable an increasingly detailed digital representation of the real world for simulation, analysis and control.

第三步，加入环境、人力、过程等因素后，更有利于分析、控制和预测。

一个很形象的图