freemarker报错之六

1、错误描述

五月 28, 2014 10:32:40 下午 freemarker.log.JDK14LoggerFactory$JDK14Logger error
严重: Template processing error: "Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl."

Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.course.courseName!} [on line 16, column 23 in course.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:125)
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.invalidTypeException(TemplateObject.java:135)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._getAsTemplateModel(Dot.java:78)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.DefaultToExpression._getAsTemplateModel(DefaultToExpression.java:100)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentPrint(FreemarkerTest.java:142)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testCourse(FreemarkerTest.java:129)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>学生信息</title>

  </head>

  <body>
    	姓名：张三丰
     	性别：男
     	年龄：16
     	生日：1970-01-01
    	地址：湖北省武汉市武昌洪山区
  		QQ：78,451,214
                   课程：
                  课程名：
Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.course.courseName!} [on line 16, column 23 in course.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:125)
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.invalidTypeException(TemplateObject.java:135)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._getAsTemplateModel(Dot.java:78)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.DefaultToExpression._getAsTemplateModel(DefaultToExpression.java:100)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentPrint(FreemarkerTest.java:142)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testCourse(FreemarkerTest.java:129)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${student.course.courseName!} [on line 16, column 23 in course.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression student.course is undefined on line 16, column 25 in course.ftl.
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:125)
	at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.invalidTypeException(TemplateObject.java:135)
	at freemarker.core.Dot._getAsTemplateModel(Dot.java:78)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.DefaultToExpression._getAsTemplateModel(DefaultToExpression.java:100)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getAsTemplateModel(Expression.java:89)
	at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
	at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
	at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
	at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
	at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentPrint(FreemarkerTest.java:142)
	at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testCourse(FreemarkerTest.java:129)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

2、错误原因

课程：${student.course!}
课程名：${student.course.courseName!}

${student.course}为空，可以在其后添加“！”判断，但是${student.course.courseName} 空值后再判断空值是不能这样加“！”，${student.course.courseName!}

3、解决办法

课程：${student.course!}
课程名：${(student.course.courseName)!"无任何值"}

运行结果：

课程：
课程名：无任何值

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