使用Python-OpenCV向图片添加噪声（高斯噪声、椒盐噪声）

在matlab中，存在执行直接得函数来添加高斯噪声和椒盐噪声。Python-OpenCV中虽然不存在直接得函数，但是很容易使用相关的函数来实现。

代码：

import numpy as np
import random
import cv2

def sp_noise(image,prob):
    '''
    添加椒盐噪声
    prob:噪声比例
    '''
    output = np.zeros(image.shape,np.uint8)
    thres = 1 - prob
    for i in range(image.shape[0]):
        for j in range(image.shape[1]):
            rdn = random.random()
            if rdn < prob:
                output[i][j] = 0
            elif rdn > thres:
                output[i][j] = 255
            else:
                output[i][j] = image[i][j]
    return output

def gasuss_noise(image, mean=0, var=0.001):
    '''
        添加高斯噪声
        mean : 均值
        var : 方差
    '''
    image = np.array(image/255, dtype=float)
    noise = np.random.normal(mean, var ** 0.5, image.shape)
    out = image + noise
    if out.min() < 0:
        low_clip = -1.
    else:
        low_clip = 0.
    out = np.clip(out, low_clip, 1.0)
    out = np.uint8(out*255)
    #cv.imshow("gasuss", out)
    return out

可见，只要我们得到满足某个分布的多维数组，就能作为噪声添加到图片中。

例如：

import cv2
import numpy as np

>>> im = np.empty((5,5), np.uint8) # needs preallocated input image
>>> im
array([[248, 168,  58,   2,   1],  # uninitialized memory counts as random, too ?  fun ;)
       [  0, 100,   2,   0, 101],
       [  0,   0, 106,   2,   0],
       [131,   2,   0,  90,   3],
       [  0, 100,   1,   0,  83]], dtype=uint8)
>>> im = np.zeros((5,5), np.uint8) # seriously now.
>>> im
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]], dtype=uint8)
>>> cv2.randn(im,(0),(99))         # normal
array([[  0,  76,   0, 129,   0],
       [  0,   0,   0, 188,  27],
       [  0, 152,   0,   0,   0],
       [  0,   0, 134,  79,   0],
       [  0, 181,  36, 128,   0]], dtype=uint8)
>>> cv2.randu(im,(0),(99))         # uniform
array([[19, 53,  2, 86, 82],
       [86, 73, 40, 64, 78],
       [34, 20, 62, 80,  7],
       [24, 92, 37, 60, 72],
       [40, 12, 27, 33, 18]], dtype=uint8)

然后再：

img = ...
noise = ...

image = img + noise

参考链接：

1、https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22937589/how-to-add-noise-gaussian-salt-and-pepper-etc-to-image-in-python-with-opencv#

2、https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14435632/impulse-gaussian-and-salt-and-pepper-noise-with-opencv#