Django_学生管理系统

一. Django简易学生管理系统

1.在pycharm中创建工程student_manage_system，添加app:student_manage

2.配置静态文件：在工程项目目录下新建目录static，并在settings.py中追加代码

STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)

3.设计学生管理系统所需数据库

　　在studnet_manage/models.py创建班级管理表、学生管理表、老师管理表

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class classes(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    teacher = models.ManyToManyField("Teachers")

class student(models.Model):

    StudentName = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    gender = models.BooleanField()

    cs = models.ForeignKey("classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class Teachers(models.Model):

    TeacherName = models.CharField(max_length=32)

model.py

　　在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

4.学生管理系统之班级管理

　1.为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务，将student_manage目录下的views.py 删掉，在student_manage目录下新建目录views，并在views目录下新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。

　2.在classes.py 中写 get_classes， add_classes ，delete_classes ，edit_classes四个函数，完成对班级数据的增删改查

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.shortcuts import redirect

from student_manage.models import *

def get_classes(request):

    class_list = classes.objects.all()

    return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'class_list':class_list})

def add_calsses(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'add_classes.html')

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        title = request.POST.get('title')

        classes.objects.create(title=title)

        return redirect('/get_classes.html')

def delete_classes(request):

    nid=request.GET.get('nid')

    classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    return redirect('/get_classes.html')

def edit_classes(request):

    if request.method=='GET':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid)

        return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{"obj":obj})

    elif request.method=='POST':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        title = request.POST.get('title')

        classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

        return redirect('/get_classes.html')

classes.py

　3.在urls.py 中配置url路由

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from django.conf.urls import url

from student_manage.views import classes,students,ajax

urlpatterns = [

    #path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url('^get_classes.html$',classes.get_classes),

    url('^add_classes.html$',classes.add_calsses),

    url('^delete_classes.html$',classes.delete_classes),

    url('^edit_classes.html$',classes.edit_classes),

    ]

urls.py

4.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件

　<1>get_classes.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

     <div>

        <a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a>

    </div>

    <table border="1">

            <thead>

                <tr>

                    <th>ID</th>

                    <th>班级名称</th>

                    <th>任课老师</th>

                    <th>操作</th>

                </tr>

            </thead>

            <tbody>

                 {% for row in class_list %}

                    <tr>

                        <td>

                            {{ row.id }}

                        </td>

                        <td>

                            {{ row.title}}

                        </td>

                        <td>

                            {% for item in row.teacher.all %}

                                <span>{{item.TeacherName}}</span>

                            {% endfor %}

                        </td>

                        <td>

                            <a href="/delete_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>

                            |

                            <a href="/delete_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">ajax删除</a>

                            |

                            <a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>

                            |

                            <a href="/set_teacher.html?nid={{ row.id }}">分配老师</a>

                    </tr>

                {% endfor %}

            </tbody>

    </table>

</html>

get_classes.html

　<2>add_classes.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

     <form action="/add_classes.html" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <input type="text" name="title" />

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

add_classes.html

<3>edit_classes.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h3>编辑学生信息</h3>

    <form method="post" action="/edit_students.html?nid={{ obj.id }}">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" value="{{ obj.StudentName }}"/></p>

        <p>年龄<input type="text"  name="age" value="{{ obj.age }}"/></p>

        <p>性别:

            {% if obj.gender %}

                男<input type="radio" name="gender"  checked="checked" value="1"/>

                女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/>

                {% else%}

                男<input type="radio" name="gender"  value="1"/>

                女<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="0"/>

            {% endif %}

        </p>

        <p>班级：

            <select name="class_id">

                {% for row in class_list%}

                    {% if row.id == obj.cs_id %}

                        <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.title }}</option>

                    {% else %}

                        <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>

                    {% endif %}

                {% endfor %}

            </select>

        </p>

        <p><input type="submit" value="提交修改"/></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

edit_classes.html

5.学生管理系统之学生管理

　1.在students.py 中写 get_students， add_students ，delete_students ,edit_students 四个函数，完成对学生数据的增删改查

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.shortcuts import redirect

from student_manage.models import *

def get_students(request):

    student_list=student.objects.all()

    return render(request,'get_students.html',{'student_list':student_list})

def add_students(request):

    class_list = classes.objects.all()

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'add_students.html',{'class_list':class_list})

    if request.method == "POST":

        StudentName=request.POST.get('StudentName','')

        age=request.POST.get('age','')

        gender=request.POST.get('gender','')

        cs=request.POST.get('cs','')

        student.objects.create(StudentName=StudentName,age=age,gender=gender,cs_id=cs)

        return redirect('/get_students.html')

def delete_students(request):

    nid = request.GET.get('nid')

    student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    return redirect('/get_students.html')

def edit_students(request):

    class_list = classes.objects.all()

    if request.method == 'GET':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        obj = student.objects.get(id=nid)

        print("class_list:",class_list)

        return render(request,'edit_students.html',{"class_list":class_list,"obj":obj})

    if request.method == 'POST':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        StudentName = request.POST.get('StudentName','')

        age=request.POST.get('age','')

        gender=request.POST.get('gender','')

        cs=request.POST.get('class_id','')

        print("class_id",cs)

        student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(StudentName=StudentName,age=age,gender=gender,cs_id=cs)

        return redirect('/get_students.html')

students.py

　2.在urls.py 中配置url路由

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from django.conf.urls import url

from student_manage.views import classes,students,ajax

urlpatterns = [

    #path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url('^get_classes.html$',classes.get_classes),

    url('^add_classes.html$',classes.add_calsses),

    url('^delete_classes.html$',classes.delete_classes),

    url('^edit_classes.html$',classes.edit_classes),

    url('^get_students.html$',students.get_students),

    url('^add_students.html$',students.add_students),

    url('student_del_ajax.html$',ajax.student_del_ajax),

    url('^delete_students.html$',students.delete_students),

    url('^student_edit_ajax',ajax.student_edit_ajax),

    url('^edit_students.html$',students.edit_students),

    url('^set_teacher.html$',classes.set_teacher)

]

urls.py

3.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件

<1>get_students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<div><a href="/add_students.html">添加</a></div>

<body>

    <table border=1>

        <thead>

            <tr>

                <th>ID</th>

                <th>姓名</th>

                <th>年龄</th>

                <th>性别</th>

                <th>班级</th>

                <th>操作</th>

            </tr>

        </thead>

        <tbody>

            {% for row in student_list %}

            <tr nid="{{ row.id }}">

                <td>{{ row.id }}</td>

                <td>{{ row.StudentName }}</td>

                <td>{{ row.age }}</td>

                {% if row.gender%}

                    <td>男</td>

                {% else %}

                    <td>女</td>

                {% endif %}

                <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td>

                <td>

                    <a href="/delete_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>

                    |

                    <a onclick="RemoveStudent(this);" href="#">ajax删除</a>

                    |

                    <a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>

                    |

                    <a onclick="EditStudent(this);" href="#">ajax编辑</a>

                </td>

            </tr>

            {% endfor %}

        </tbody>

    </table>

</body>

<script src="/static/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>

<script>

 function RemoveStudent(ths) {

  var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid');

  $.ajax({

       url:'/student_del_ajax.html',

       type:'GET',

       data:{nid:nid},

       success:function (arg) {

        if (arg == 'delete successful'){

            {#window.location.reload();#}

            $(ths).parent().parent().remove();

        }

        else{

            alert(arg);

        }

       }

     })

 }

</script>

</html>

get_students.html

<2>add_students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h3>添加学生信息</h3>

    <form method="post" action="/add_students.html">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" placeholder="姓名"/></p>

        <p>年龄<input type="text"  name="age" placeholder="年龄"/></p>

        <p>性别:  男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/>女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/></p>

        <p>班级：

            <select name="cs">

                {% for row in class_list %}

                    <option value={{ row.id }}>{{ row.title }}</option>

                {% endfor %}

            </select>

        </p>

        <p><input type="submit" value="提交注册"/></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

add_students.html

<3>edit_students.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h3>编辑学生信息</h3>

    <form method="post" action="/edit_students.html?nid={{ obj.id }}">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" value="{{ obj.StudentName }}"/></p>

        <p>年龄<input type="text"  name="age" value="{{ obj.age }}"/></p>

        <p>性别:

            {% if obj.gender %}

                男<input type="radio" name="gender"  checked="checked" value="1"/>

                女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/>

                {% else%}

                男<input type="radio" name="gender"  value="1"/>

                女<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="0"/>

            {% endif %}

        </p>

        <p>班级：

            <select name="class_id">

                {% for row in class_list%}

                    {% if row.id == obj.cs_id %}

                        <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.title }}</option>

                    {% else %}

                        <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>

                    {% endif %}

                {% endfor %}

            </select>

        </p>

        <p><input type="submit" value="提交修改"/></p>

    </form>

</body>

</html>

edit_students.html

6.学生管理系统之教师分配

　1.在classes.py中增加教师分配函数set_teacher

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.shortcuts import redirect

from student_manage.models import *

def get_classes(request):

    class_list = classes.objects.all()

    return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'class_list':class_list})

def add_calsses(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, 'add_classes.html')

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        title = request.POST.get('title')

        classes.objects.create(title=title)

        return redirect('/get_classes.html')

def delete_classes(request):

    nid=request.GET.get('nid')

    classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()

    return redirect('/get_classes.html')

def edit_classes(request):

    if request.method=='GET':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid)

        return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{"obj":obj})

    elif request.method=='POST':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        title = request.POST.get('title')

        classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)

        return redirect('/get_classes.html')

def set_teacher(request):

   if request.method=='GET':

        nid = request.GET.get('nid','')

        class_obj=classes.objects.get(id=nid)

        class_teacher_list=class_obj.teacher.all()

        all_teacher_list=Teachers.objects.all()

        return render(request,'set_teacher.html',{'class_teacher_list':class_teacher_list,'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list,'class_obj':class_obj})

   elif request.method=='POST':

       nid=request.GET.get('nid','')

       ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','')

       # obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid)

       # obj.teacher.set(ids_str)

       obj = classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()

       obj.teacher.set(ids_str)

       return redirect('/get_classes.html')

classes.py

2.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form method="post" action="set_teacher.html?nid={{ class_obj.id }}">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <select multiple name="teacher_id">

        {% for row in all_teacher_list %}

            {% if row in class_teacher_list %}

                 <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.TeacherName}}</option>

            {% else %}

                 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.TeacherName}}</option>

            {% endif %}

        {% endfor %}

        </select>

        <input type="submit" value="提交">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

set_teacher.html