ubuntu系统更换源和apt命令参数

一：问题概述

ubuntu，我们在使用apt新装软件的时候，会使用官方的网站去下载软件，但是会因为国内的转接点太多，而导致下载的速度非常慢 ，我们可以通过换成一些中间的节点来进行下载，比如阿里源，中科大源，清华源等等，这样的网站，他们会定时和官方的源进行同步和更新，而我们直接同步他们，速度就会比直接同步官方的源快很多，这样能够大大增加我们的下载软件的速度。

二：ubuntu系统更换源

更换源的方法非常简单:修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件即可

2.1：进入/etc/apt/

cd /etc/apt

2.2：修改sources.list文件

sudo vi sources.list (要有管理员权限)

2.3：可以在修改前先对 sources.list文件进行备份

sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak

2.4:删除掉sources.list的其他内容，任意选择一种源的内容复制粘贴进去，保存，例如，选择阿里源

2.5:更新apt

sudo apt-get update

三：ubuntu各个版本的阿里云源内容

3.1：ubuntu16.04 LTS

3.1.1：阿里源：

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

3.1.2：东北大学：

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

3.1.3：清华大学：

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

3.2：ubuntu 14.04 LTS

3.2.1：Ubuntu 官方更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，国内较慢，但无同步延迟问题，电信、移动/铁通、联通等公网用户可以使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu官方提供的其他软件（第三方闭源软件等）：

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ trusty partner

deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main

3.2.2：阿里云：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3.2.3：以下为有教育网接入的服务器（推荐教育网用户使用，部分非教育网用户也有可观的速度。教育网用户请优先使用IPv6地址。

中国科学技术大学更新服务器（位于合肥，千兆教育网接入，百兆电信/联通线路智能路由），由中科大Linux 用户协会和中科大学网络信息中心维护，包含其他开源镜像，Deepin 官方服务器 实际亦指向此处：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

IPv6-Only 地址

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

3.2.4搜狐更新服务器（山东联通千兆接入，官方中国大陆地区镜像跳转至此） ，包含其他开源镜像：

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3.2.5：网易163更新服务器（广东广州电信/联通千兆双线接入），包含其他开源镜像：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

常用的APT命令参数：

apt-cache search package 搜索包
apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get install package - - reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = ——fix-missing"

sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-get remove package - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/dtiove/p/5917263.html

查询Linux某命令来自哪个包

Debian：（Ubuntu等）

先安装apt-file

sudo apt-get install -y apt-file
apt-file update
查询命令：(已查询ifconfig为例)
root@debian ~ # apt-file search bin/ifconfig
net-tools: /bin/ifconfig

apt-file search -x(--regexp) 后可接正则表达式，如：

root@deepin ~ # apt-file search -x 'bin/rz$'
lrzsz: /usr/bin/rz
root@deepin ~ # apt-file search --regexp 'bin/rz$'
lrzsz: /usr/bin/rz

CentOS：

root@CentOS7 ~ # yum provides *bin/ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.shuosc.org
 * extras: mirrors.shuosc.org
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig

net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : @base
Matched from:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「离尘zh」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26507799/article/details/78998439