[Linux/Apache Http]Apache Http(d)服务访问时报: 403 Forbidden You don't have permission to access /cdh/ on this server.

1 问题描述

http错误代码403:403 Forbidden 资源不可用。服务器理解客户的请求，但拒绝处理它。通常由于服务器上文件或目录的权限设置导致。

2 解决思路

胜利的果实:

• 确保关闭selinux

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
  SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled

reboot
  # 重启服务器

• 关闭防火墙，确保目标端口可访问

systemctl status/stop firewalld

ssh 127.0.0.1 -p 80 -v
  # 测验 80端口 是否有开放

• 虚拟主机配置可能错误
  
  httpd.conf里加载了虚拟主机的配置文件：

# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

而conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf并没有配置好，而且虚拟主机功能暂时还没有用，所以把Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf【注释掉】，重启apache后正常了。

解决方法：重新配置虚拟主机或暂时关闭。

• 被访问的文件夹的访问权限不够

chmod 777 /var/www/html
  # 假定是 YourDocumentRoot

• 修改http.conf
  
  如果更改了你的DocumentRoot，而更改了这个默认值(/var/www/html)后，则 下面还有一个值"<Directory "\Your_New_DocumentRoot">"是要随着更改的

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  DocumentRoot "/Your/Document/RootPath"

  ...
  <Directory />
      Options FollowSymLinks Indexes
      AllowOverride None
      Order deny,allow
  #    Deny from all
      Allow from all 

      Satisfy all
  </Directory>

  <Directory "YourDocumentRoot" >
      Options FollowSymLinks Indexes
      AllowOverride None
      Order deny,allow
  #    Deny from all
      Allow from all 

      Satisfy all
  </Directory>

systemctl restart httpd

3 补充: Apache http(d) Web服务容器

基本信息

1. apache http web服务器在后台服务名称是httpd，默认端口是80。
2. 资源根路径(DocumentRoot)：/var/www/html

1. 配置目录(ServerRoot)：/etc/httpd/
2. 默认的用户属组是： apache.apache

1. 查看版本

httpd -v

查看后台服务

service --list-all | grep httpd

service httpd status

netstat -lntp | grep -i httpd

启停 服务

service httpd stop/start/restart

systemctl stop/start/restart httpd

默认配置文件 httpd.conf

[johnny@node116 ~]$ ll /var/www/html
total 2
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 2048 Nov  4  2020 repo

[johnny@node116 ~]$ ls -l /etc/httpd/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  37 Jul 13 13:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  82 Jul 13 13:47 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 146 Jul 13 13:47 conf.modules.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  19 Jul 13 13:47 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  29 Jul 13 13:47 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  10 Jul 13 13:47 run -> /run/httpd

[johnny@node116 ~]$ ll /etc/httpd/conf
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11753 Sep 30  2020 httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13064 Oct  2  2020 magi

[johnny@node116 ~]$ ll /etc/httpd/conf.d
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2926 Oct  2  2020 autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  366 Oct  2  2020 README
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1252 Sep 30  2020 userdir.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  824 Sep 30  2020 welcome.conf

[johnny@node116 ~]$ ll /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3739 Sep 30  2020 00-base.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  139 Sep 30  2020 00-dav.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   41 Sep 30  2020 00-lua.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  742 Sep 30  2020 00-mpm.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  957 Sep 30  2020 00-proxy.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   88 Sep 30  2020 00-systemd.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  451 Sep 30  2020 01-cgi.conf

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.

#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

   #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default.  To use the
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    #
    # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

X 参考文献

• centos7中httpd启动后访问/var/www/html/下的文件报403，You don't have permission to access /cdh/ on this server. - CSDN
• [网络/Linux]CentOS7：OpenSSH升级到7.9p1 | 含: 安装Telnet/OpenSSH【telnet/ssh】 - 博客园/千千寰宇
  • 查验指定端口是否有开放
• Apache服务器出现Forbidden 403错误提示的解决方法总结 - 博客园
• chcon(修改对象（文件）的安全上下文) - Linux命令大全