django基础 -- 1. 前奏 web框架的本质

一. http协议

　　1.请求方法(get和post)

1.GET提交的数据会放在URL之后，也就是请求行里面，以?分割URL和传输数据，参数之间以&相连，
如EditBook?name=test1&id=123456.（请求头里面那个content-type做的这种参数形式，后面讲）

2.POST方法是把提交的数据放在HTTP包的请求体中.
GET提交的数据大小有限制（因为浏览器对URL的长度有限制），而POST方法提交的数据没有限制.

　　2.请求协议(格式)

　　3.响应协议(格式)

　　4.状态码

二.简单的web框架

　　1.最简单的(所需文件放在响应目录下)

import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
server.listen()

while 1:
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    from_b_msg = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
    # print(from_b_msg) #客户端的请求内容
    # 获得请求文件
    path = from_b_msg.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]
    print(path)
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 ok\r\n\r\n')
    # conn.send(b'<h1>hello</h1>')
　　
　　#发送需要的文件
    if path == '/':
        with open('test.html', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
        conn.send(data)
        conn.close()
    elif path == '/test.css':
        with open('test.css','rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
        conn.send(data)
        conn.close()
    elif path == '/timg.jpg':
        with open('timg.jpg', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
        conn.send(data)
        conn.close()
    elif path == '/test.js':
        with open('test.js', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
        conn.send(data)
        conn.close()
    elif path == '/meinv.ico':
        with open('meinv.ico', 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
        conn.send(data)
        conn.close()

　　2.多线程框架(所需文件放在响应目录下)

from threading import Thread
import socket
server = socket.socket()
# server.bind(('192.168.12.45',8080))
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
server.listen()

def html(conn):
    with open('test.html', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
    conn.close()
def js(conn):
    with open('test.js', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
    conn.close()
def css(conn):
    with open('test.css', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
    conn.close()
def img(conn):
    with open('timg.jpg', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
    conn.close()
def ico(conn):
    with open('meinv.ico', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
    conn.close()
urlpatterns=[
    ('/',html),
    ('/test.css',css),
    ('/timg.jpg',img),
    ('/test.js',js),
    ('/meinv.ico',ico),
]
while 1:
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    from_b_msg = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
    print(from_b_msg)
    path = from_b_msg.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]
    # print(path)
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 ok\r\nk1:v1\r\n\r\n')
    # conn.send(b'<h1>hello</h1>')
    for url_func in urlpatterns:
        if url_func[0] == path:
            #多线程函数版
            t = Thread(target=url_func[1],args=(conn,))
            t.start()
            # 简单函数版
            # url_func[1](conn)

　　3.多个页面切换和动态效果(所需文件放在响应目录下)

　　①python文件　

from threading import Thread
import socket
server = socket.socket()
# server.bind(('192.168.12.45',8080))
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
server.listen()

import datetime
def base(conn):
    with open('base.html','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        data = f.read()
    t1 = datetime.datetime.now()
    new_data = data.replace('@xx@',str(t1))
    conn.send(new_data.encode('utf-8'))
def index(conn):
    with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
def home(conn):
    with open('home.html', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
def articles(conn):
    with open('art.html', 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
    conn.send(data)
urlpatterns=[
    ('/',base),
    ('/index',index),
    ('/home',home),
    ('/articles',articles),
]

while 1:
    conn, addr = server.accept()
    from_b_msg = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
    print(from_b_msg)
    path = from_b_msg.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]
    # print(path)
    conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 ok\r\nk1:v1\r\n\r\n')
    # conn.send(b'<h1>hello</h1>')
    for url_func in urlpatterns:
        if url_func[0] == path:
            #多线程函数版
            t = Thread(target=url_func[1],args=(conn,))
            t.start()
            # 简单函数版
            # url_func[1](conn)

　　②html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: purple;">欢迎来到王者荣耀页面</h1>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/index">这是index</a>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/home">这是home</a>
<h1 style="color: pink;">@xx@</h1>

</body>
</html>

　　4.wsgire模块板web框架

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
# wsgiref本身就是个web框架，提供了一些固定的功能（请求和响应信息的封装，
不需要我们自己写原生的socket了也不需要咱们自己来完成请求信息的提取了，提取起来很方便）
#函数名字随便起
def application(environ, start_response):
    '''
    :param environ: 是全部加工好的请求信息，加工成了一个字典，通过字典取值的方式就能拿到很多你想要拿到的信息
    :param start_response: 帮你封装响应信息的（响应行和响应头），注意下面的参数
    :return:
    '''
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html'),('k1','v1')])
    # print(environ)
    print('>>>>>',environ['PATH_INFO'])  #输入地址127.0.0.1:8000，
　　　　　　　　这个打印的是'/',输入的是127.0.0.1:8000/index，打印结果是'/index'
    return [b'<h1>Hello, web!</h1>']

#和咱们学的socketserver那个模块很像啊
httpd = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, application)

print('Serving HTTP on port 8080...')
# 开始监听HTTP请求:
httpd.serve_forever()