akka actors默认邮箱介绍

1. UnboundedMailbox is the default unbounded MailboxType used by Akka Actors

”无界邮箱“ 是akka actors默认使用的邮箱，

UnboundedMailbox继承了MailboxType

/**
 * MailboxType is a factory to create MessageQueues for an optionally
 * provided ActorContext.
 *
 * <b>Possibly Important Notice</b>
 *
 * When implementing a custom mailbox type, be aware that there is special
 * semantics attached to `system.actorOf()` in that sending to the returned
 * ActorRef may—for a short period of time—enqueue the messages first in a
 * dummy queue. Top-level actors are created in two steps, and only after the
 * guardian actor has performed that second step will all previously sent
 * messages be transferred from the dummy queue into the real mailbox.
 */
trait MailboxType {
  def create(owner: Option[ActorRef], system: Option[ActorSystem]): MessageQueue
}

和ProducesMessageQueue

trait ProducesMessageQueue[T <: MessageQueue]

　MailboxType特质的create方法接受两个参数owner和system，owner表示“消息队列”的所有者，system表示Actor系统

UnboundedMailbox的定义如下：

/**
 * UnboundedMailbox is the default unbounded MailboxType used by Akka Actors.
 */
case class UnboundedMailbox() extends MailboxType with ProducesMessageQueue[UnboundedMailbox.MessageQueue] {

  // 使用this关键字来调用构造函数。
  // 它演示了如何从其他构造函数调用构造函数。必须确保this必须放在构造函数中的第一个语句，同时调用其他构造函数this()，否则编译器会抛出错误。
  // “=”等号右边调用的this()是指向的UnboundedMailBox()类
  def this(settings: ActorSystem.Settings, config: Config) = this()

  // 重写MailboxType的create()方法，并创建UnboundedMailbox.MessgaeQueue对象
  final override def create(owner: Option[ActorRef], system: Option[ActorSystem]): MessageQueue =
    new UnboundedMailbox.MessageQueue
}

UnboundedMailbox中的create()方法中创建的UnboundedMailbox.MessgaeQueue对象是

object UnboundedMailbox {
  class MessageQueue extends ConcurrentLinkedQueue[Envelope] with UnboundedQueueBasedMessageQueue {
    final def queue: Queue[Envelope] = this
  }
}　　

MessageQueue继承了ConCurrentLinkedQueue，并且ConCurrentLinkedQueue是存放的Envelope

final case class Envelope private (val message: Any, val sender: ActorRef)

(信封)对象，信封对象中包含一个message消息和发送者sender的ActorRef。

此外，MessageQueue还with了一个UnboundedQueueBasedMessageQueue

/**
 * BoundedMessageQueueSemantics adds bounded semantics to a QueueBasedMessageQueue,
 * i.e. blocking enqueue with timeout.
 */
trait BoundedMessageQueueSemantics {
  def pushTimeOut: Duration
}

trait UnboundedQueueBasedMessageQueue extends QueueBasedMessageQueue with UnboundedMessageQueueSemantics {
  // 入队，这里是入队了一个信封，貌似receiver没有用到？不明白为什么要有这个receiver，可能是为了明显标记是发给那个Actor的吧
  def enqueue(receiver: ActorRef, handle: Envelope): Unit = queue add handle
  // 出队，出队就是从队列中取出一个元素（一封信）
  def dequeue(): Envelope = queue.poll()
}

　　UnboundedQueueBasedMessageQueue中实现了从QueueBasedMessageQueue继承来的enqueue()和dequeue()方法。更确切的话是从MessageQueue继承来的，因为QueueBasedMessageQueue是继承了MessageQueue，代码如下:

/**
 * This is a marker trait for message queues which support multiple consumers,
 * as is required by the BalancingDispatcher.
 */
trait MultipleConsumerSemantics

/**
 * A QueueBasedMessageQueue is a MessageQueue backed by a java.util.Queue.
 */
trait QueueBasedMessageQueue extends MessageQueue with MultipleConsumerSemantics {
  def queue: Queue[Envelope]
  // 消息的数量 （队列的元素个数）
  def numberOfMessages = queue.size
  // 是否包含消息 （队列是否为空）
  def hasMessages = !queue.isEmpty
  // 清空消息 （清空队列）
  def cleanUp(owner: ActorRef, deadLetters: MessageQueue): Unit = {
    if (hasMessages) {
      // 获取第一个消息
      var envelope = dequeue
      while (envelope ne null) {
        // 如果消息不为空，则不断向deadLetters发送消息
        // deadLetters也是一个消息队列actor.dispatcher.mailboxes.deadLetterMailbox.messageQueue
        deadLetters.enqueue(owner, envelope)
        envelope = dequeue
      }
    }
  }
}

　　从QueueBasedMessageQueue的定义来看，其中包含了几个重要的方法。还定义了一个queue，回顾一下UnboundedMailbox的定义

object UnboundedMailbox {
  class MessageQueue extends ConcurrentLinkedQueue[Envelope] with UnboundedQueueBasedMessageQueue {
    final def queue: Queue[Envelope] = this
  }
}　　

其中的queue是重写了QueueBasedMessageQueue中定义的queue，def queue: Queue[Envelope]。

3. 邮箱是akka里面是怎么使用的？

如果我们是使用的ActorRef去创建一个actor，例如:

    val testActor: ActorRef = context.actorOf(
      TestActor.props().withDispatcher("test-actor-dispatcher"),
      TestActor.Name)