Java多线程模式（二）

Guarded Suspension Pattern

     该模式描述的是当一个线程在执行某个操作时，但由于其他资源还没有准备好，需要等待，那么就等待资源准备好才开始自己的操作。我们直接看代码例子：

public class Request {

private Stringname;

public Request(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getName() {

returnname;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return"[ Request " +name +" ]";

}

}

public class RequestQueue {

final private LinkedList<Request>queue = new LinkedList<Request>();

public synchronizedvoid putRequest(Request request) {

this.queue.addLast(request);

notifyAll();

}

publicsynchronized Request getRequest() {

// 多线程版本的if

while (this.queue.size() <= 0) {

try {

wait();

}catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

return queue.removeFirst();

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class ClientThreadextends Thread {

private Random      random;

private RequestQueuerequestQueue;

public ClientThread(RequestQueue requestQueue, String name,long seed) {

super(name);

this.requestQueue = requestQueue;

this.random =new Random(seed);

}

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {

Request request = new Request("No." + i);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" requests " + request);

this.requestQueue.putRequest(request);

try {

Thread.sleep(this.random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class ServerThreadextends Thread {

private Random      random;

private RequestQueuequeue;

public ServerThread(RequestQueue queue, String name,long seed) {

super(name);

this.queue = queue;

random =new Random(seed);

}

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {

Request request = queue.getRequest();

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" handles " + request);

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

}

}

publicclass Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue();

ServerThread serverThread = new ServerThread(queue,"ServerThread", 3141592l);

ClientThread clientThread = new ClientThread(queue,"ClientThread", 6535897l);

serverThread.start();

clientThread.start();

}

}

这段代码的关键在ReqeustQueue类的getReqeust()方法，在该方法中，判断队列是否小于或等于0，如果是，那么就等待队列有数据之后在进行获取Request对象的操作，注意这里使用的是while，而非if。Single Threaded Execution Pattern  只有一个线程可以进入临界区，其他线程不能进入，进行等待；而Guarded Suspension Pattern中，线程要不要等待，由警戒条件决定。只有RequestQueue类使用到了wait/notifyAll，Guarded Suspension Pattern的实现是封闭在RequestQueue类里的。

Balking Pattern

该模式的重点是，如果一个请求的资源状态还没有准备好，那么就不进行处理，直接返回，它与Guarded Suspension Pattern的区别在于Guarded Suspension Pattern在警戒条件不成立时，线程等待，而Balking Pattern线程直接返回。我们来看代码实现：

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

publicclass Data {

private final Stringfilename;

private String      content;

privateboolean     changed;

public Data(String filename, String content) {

this.filename = filename;

this.content = content;

this.changed =true;

}

public synchronizedvoid change(String content) {

this.content = content;

this.changed =true;

}

publicsynchronizedvoid save() {

while (!this.changed) {

return;

}

doSave();

this.changed =false;

}

private void doSave() {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"calls doSave, content = "

+ this.content);

File file = new File(filename);

FileWriter writer = null;

try {

writer = new FileWriter(file, true);

writer.write(this.content);

} catch (IOException e) {

} finally {

if (writer !=null) {

try {

writer.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class ChangerThreadextends Thread {

private Data  data;

private Randomrandom =new Random();

public ChangerThread(String name, Data data) {

super(name);

this.data = data;

}

@Override

public void run() {

int i = 0;

while (true) {

i++;

String content = "No." + i;

this.data.change(content);

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

this.data.save();

}

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class SaverThreadextends Thread {

private Data  data;

private Randomrandom =new Random();

public SaverThread(String name, Data data) {

super(name);

this.data = data;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while (true) {

this.data.save();

try {

Thread.sleep(this.random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Data data = new Data("data.txt","(empty)");

new SaverThread("SaverThread", data).start();

new ChangerThread("ChangerThread", data).start();

}

}

Producer-Consumer Pattern

该模式即经典的生产-消费模式。该模式在生产者和消费者之间加入一个“桥梁参与者”，以这个参与者来缓冲线程的处理速度之差。一般会有多个生产者和多个消费者。

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Data implements Serializable {

/**

*

*/

private static final long serialVersionUID = 7212370995222659529L;

private String            name;

public Data(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return"[ Data name = " +this.name +" ]";

}

}

import java.util.LinkedList;

/**

* 数据传输channel，默认大小100，可以通过构造函数定制channel的大小。channel为FIFO模型

*/

public class Channel {

private final LinkedList<Data>buffer     =new LinkedList<Data>();

private int                   bufferSize = 100;

public Channel() {

super();

}

public Channel(int channelSize) {

this.bufferSize = channelSize;

}

/**

* put数据到channel中，当channel的buffer大小大于或等于指定大小时，方法将进行等待

*

* @param data

*/

public synchronizedvoid put(Data data) {

while (buffer.size() >=this.bufferSize) {

try {

wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

this.buffer.addLast(data);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" put data " + data);

notifyAll();

}

/**

* 从channel中获取数据，当channel中没有数据时，进行等待

*

* @return

*/

public synchronized Data take() {

while (this.buffer.size() == 0) {

try {

wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

Data data = this.buffer.removeFirst();

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" take date " + data);

notifyAll();

return data;

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class ComsumerThreadextends Thread {

private Channel channel;

private Random  random =new Random();

public ComsumerThread(String name, Channel channel) {

super(name);

this.channel = channel;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while (true) {

this.channel.take();

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

}

}

import java.util.Random;

public class ProducerThreadextends Thread {

private Channel    channel;

private Random     random =new Random();

privatestaticintdataNo = 0;

public ProducerThread(String name, Channel channel) {

super(name);

this.channel = channel;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while (true) {

Data data = new Data("No." + nextDataNo());

this.channel.put(data);

try {

Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

}

}

}

publicstaticsynchronizedint nextDataNo() {

return ++dataNo;

}

}

public class MainThread {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int channelSize = 1000;

Channel channel = new Channel(channelSize);

ProducerThread producer1 = new ProducerThread("Producer1", channel);

ProducerThread producer2 = new ProducerThread("Producer2", channel);

ComsumerThread comsumer1 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer1", channel);

ComsumerThread comsumer2 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer2", channel);

ComsumerThread comsumer3 = new ComsumerThread("Comsumer3", channel);

producer1.start();

producer2.start();

comsumer1.start();

comsumer2.start();

comsumer3.start();

}

}