yum命令的使用

yum源的配置，请参考此文：RedHatLinux 本地yum源的配置。本文讲解如何使用yum命令。

[root@serv01 ~]# yum --help
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo      Display details about a package group
groupinstall   Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist      List available package groups
groupremove    Remove the packages in a group from your system
help           Display a helpful usage message
history        Display, or use, the transaction history
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
list           List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep     Determine which package provides the given dependency
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
  -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
  --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
  --version             show Yum version and exit
  --installroot=[path]  set install root
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
  --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
  --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
  --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
  --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options

  Plugin Options:

#不建议使用这种方式卸载
[root@serv01 ~]# yum remove nagios-common

#yum安装的包，可以使用rpm命令查询到
[root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
[root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#我们删除一个文件，再次安装
[root@serv01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ls: cannot access /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory
#安装不成功
[root@serv01 ~]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Setting up Install Process
Package httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
#使用reinstall重装
[root@serv01 ~]# yum reinstall httpd -y
Installed:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6
Complete!

#查询所有
[root@serv01 ~]# yum list
#可以安装的略
#查询httpd，有@表示已经安装
[root@serv01 ~]# yum list|grep httpd
httpd.x86_64                          2.2.15-9.el6                     @rhel-iso
httpd-tools.x86_64                    2.2.15-9.el6                     @rhel-iso
httpd-devel.i686                      2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso
httpd-devel.x86_64                    2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso
httpd-manual.noarch                   2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso
#验证
[root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64

#软件组
[root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist

[root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist | grep Devel
   Additional Development
   Desktop Platform Development
   Development tools
   Server Platform Development

#安装软件组，注意需要有双引号
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Server Platform" -y

#强烈不建议这样移除，这样很危险，可以看到最后把内核都移除了。
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" -y
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" --skip-broken --nogpgcheck

#这样可以正确的使用groupinstall安装和使用groupremove移除，因为该软件组依赖不多
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Emacs" -y
Installed:
  emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6
Complete!
[root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Emacs" -y
Removed:
  emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6                                                                                                          

Complete!

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