Centos6 系统下源码方式安装Mysql 记录

在运维工作中经常部署各种运维环境，涉及mysql数据库的安装也是时常需要的。mysql数据库安装可以选择yum在线安装，但是这种安装的mysql一般是系统自带的，版本方面可能跟需求不太匹配。

##########################################################
Mysql数据库可以选用YUM方法在线安装
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# mysqladmin password "123456"
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# mysql -p123456
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec
##########################################################

废话不多说，以下是Centos6系统下源码安装Mysql的操作记录，方便参考~

1、卸载旧版本
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

#普通删除模式
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -e mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
# 强力删除模式，如果使用上面命令删除时，提示有依赖的其它文件，则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

#删除/etc/my.cnf
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf

2、安装编译代码需要的包
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel

3、创建mysql用户，不建立mysql用户家目录（加-M参数），也就是禁用mysql账号登陆系统
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

4、下载MySQL，源码编译安装

[root@host-test-huanqiu ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@host-test-huanqiu src]# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz

[root@host-test-huanqiu src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz
[root@host-test-huanqiu src]# cd mysql-5.6.34/
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# make && make install

5、配置MySQL

修改/usr/local/mysql权限
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data

执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql-5.6.34]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql   //如果后续不小心删除了这个数据目录或这个目录下的文件被误操作删除了，还可以利用这个命令重新初始化

需要特别注意：
在启动MySQL服务时，会按照一定次序搜索my.cnf，先在/etc目录下找，找不到则会搜索"$basedir/my.cnf"，在本例中就是 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf，这是新版MySQL的配置文件的默认位置！

另外：
在CentOS 6.4版操作系统最小安装完成后，默认会在/etc目录下存在一个my.cnf，需要将此文件更名为其他的名字，如：/etc/my.cnf.bak，否则，该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置，造成无法启动。
在使用"yum update"更新系统后，需要检查下/etc目录下是否会多出一个my.cnf，如果多出，将它重命名成别的。否则，MySQL将使用这个配置文件启动，可能造成无法正常启动等问题。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

启动MySQL
添加服务，拷贝服务脚本到init.d目录，并设置开机启动
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# service mysql start   //启动前，要先配置my.cnf文件（如下）， 并确保/data/mysql/data和/usr/local/mysql的mysql权限

如果启动报错：
[root@slave-server mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log'.
170416 12:55:28 mysqld_safe Directory '/usr/local/mysql/var' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/mysql.pid).

解决办法：
[root@slave-server mysql]# mkdir ／usr/local/mysql/var
[root@slave-server mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@slave-server mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

配置用户和环境变量

MySQL启动成功后，root默认没有密码，需要设置root密码，设置之前，需要先设置PATH，否则不能直接调用mysql
修改/etc/profile文件，在文件末尾添加
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# vim /etc/profile
........
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# source /etc/profile

到此，就可以直接mysql登陆了
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysql -uroot
.......
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.33 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

登陆mysql，若是报错如下：

[root@test2-235 mysql]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

解决办法
[root@test2-235 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/
[root@test2-235 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

修改root密码，执行命令如下

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');

若要设置root用户可以远程访问，执行
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
使授权立即生效
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

也可以使用mysqladmin命令设置mysql密码
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysqladmin password 123456 #安装mysql后第一次设置密码
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysqladmin -p 旧密码 password 新密码 #重置密码

最后配置防火墙

默认防火墙的3306端口默认没有开启，若要远程访问，需要开启这个端口.也可以做下白名单，比如只允许192.168.1.0/24网段的客户机访问本机的mysql。
[root@host-test-huanqiu mysql]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
.......
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp -m state --state NEW -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面贴下mysql6.x的my.cnf配置

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin

skip-name-resolve

back_log = 600

max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000

table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M

ft_min_word_len = 4

binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M         #这个参数一般设置为服务器最大内存的60%
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 2G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306

针对上面的部署过程，为了便于以后安装mysql环境，编写了下面的安装脚本，直接运行这个脚本就能自动化构建mysql环境了。
[root@slave-server ~]# cat mysql.sh                    （下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gfEKC9d    密码：6ec3）

#!/bin/bash
#卸载系统自带的Mysql
/bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
/bin/rm -f /etc/my.cnf

#安装编译代码需要的包
/usr/bin/yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel

#编译安装mysql5.6
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

cd /usr/local/src
wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37.tar.gz
/bin/tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.37.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.37/
/usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make && make install

#修改/usr/local/mysql权限
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data

#执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql

#配置my.cnf
cat > /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin

skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 600

max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
##open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M

ft_min_word_len = 4

binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

##lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
##default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 2G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
EOF

#启动mysql服务
cd /usr/local/mysql
/bin/mkdir var
/bin/chown -R mysql.mysql var
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
/sbin/chkconfig mysql on
service mysql start

#设置环境变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

#设置mysql登陆密码,初始密码为123456
/bin/mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql -e "SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');"
mysql -p123456 -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
mysql -p123456 -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

####################  编写mysql登录脚本  ######################

[root@slave-server ~]# vim /etc/passwd
......
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
[root@slave-server ~]# mkdir /home/mysql
[root@slave-server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /home/mysql

[root@slave-server ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
p=$1
shift
mysql -h"127.0.0.1" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uqw_cmdb -p'qw_cmdb123' -A --prompt="(\u@\p-\r:\m:\s:)[\d]> " "$@"

[root@slave-server ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin

[root@slave-server ~]# su - mysql
Last login: Mon Jun 25 17:16:20 CST 2018 on pts/6
-bash-4.2$ myin 3306                                                              #切换到mysql用户下，使用"myin 3306"命令登录mysql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 256
Server version: 5.6.40-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(bobo@3306-02:51:38:)[(none)]>

###################  centos7下启动mysql时的一个报错 #################

在centos7下如上记录操作后，在启动mysql服务的时候遇到下面一个报错：
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.181013 22:18:35 mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data[FAILED]id).

该问题为mysql 的一个小bug 。
临时处理办法为 直接创建一个 log-error 指定的空文件，并给适当的属主、属组权限即可。该问题已经在 版本 5.5.55, 5.6.36, 5.7.18, 8.0.1 中修复。
后续可以通过升级版本，来修复该问题。

[root@kevin mysql]# mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb
[root@kevin mysql]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@kevin mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mariadb
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]
[root@kevin mysql]# ln -s /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
[root@zabbix data]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL..                                           [  确定  ]

##################### Centos7下安装Mysql5.5的操作方法  ###################

一、检查本地是否安装过其他版本的mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps

如果之前使用yum方法安装了mysql，则需要删除之前mysql的默认数据目录
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql     

二、下载mysql 5.5的服务器和客户端的安装包 
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

三、安装服务器和客户端
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

查看安装的mysql是否已安装成功 ：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
MySQL-server-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64
MySQL-client-5.5.59-1.el7.x86_64

四、启动mysql并设置mysql服务开机自启动
启动mysql：
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start

设置开机自启动：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on

验证自启动是否成功：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql
........
mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

五、登录mysql并设置密码 (如上安装后，默认登录mysql是无密码的)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
.......
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.5.59-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

设置mysql密码
mysql> set password=password('kevin@123');

设置远程连接(比如远程连接的mysql用户名是kevin，密码是kevin@123)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'kevin'@''% identified by "kevin@123";

删除默认状态下password或host为空的字段，否则远程连接可能会失败！
删除后，最好保留下面两个字段的初始认证信息
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user     | host      | password                                  |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root     | localhost | *394941A09DHJSADF6555A8D6AB59733AF2893 |
| kevin    | %         | *394941A09DHJSADF6555A8D6AB59733AF2893 |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

退出后，再次登录mysql，就需要输入设置的密码kevin@123才能成功登录了！

六、mysql配置文件
这里需要注意下，mysql5.5按照上面的rpm方式安装后，默认是没有/etc/my.cnf配置文件的！！！

至于为什么没有my.cnf这个文件而MySQL却也能正常启动和使用，这个有两说法：
1）my.cnf只是MySQL启动时的一个参数文件，可以没有它，这时MySQL会用内置的默认参数启动；
2）MySQL在启动时自动使用/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf文件，这种说法仅限于rpm包安装的MySQL。

解决办法：
只需复制/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf文件到/etc目录，并改名为my.cnf即可：

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

重启mysql服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart

七、关闭mysql区分大小写功能（即要求mysql对字段的大小写不敏感）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
........
[mysqld]
........
lower_case_table_names = 1

重启mysql服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart

登录查看
mysql> show variables like "%case%";
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 1     |
+------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当lower_case_table_names的值为1时，说明mysql已经关闭了区分大小写！