.Net 配置文件——继承ConfigurationSection实现自定义处理类处理自定义配置节点

除了使用继承IConfigurationSectionHandler的方法定义处理自定义节点的类，还可以通过继承ConfigurationSection类实现同样效果。

首先说下.Net配置文件中一个潜规则：

在配置节点时，对于想要进行存储的参数数据，可以采用两种方式：一种是存储到节点的属性中，另一种是存储在节点的文本中。

因为一个节点可以有很多属性，但是只要一个innertext,而要在程序中将这两种形式区分开会带来复杂性。 为了避免这个问题，.net的配置文件只是用属性存储而不使用innertext.

接着，我们来写一个符合这个潜规则的自定义配置文件，方便测试：

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<mailservergroup provider="www.baidu.com">     <mailservers>       <mailserver address="13232@qq.com" client="http://blog.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="2343254" username="lhc">       <mailserver address="132wdfgdsggtaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blog345.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="2334t243的萨芬234254" username="dfshs水田如雅">       <mailserver address="132wdgadsfgdtaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blog436.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="23ewrty2343的萨芬234254" username="sdfhdfs水田如雅">       <mailserver address="132wdgdfagdstaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blo345734g.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="23erwt43的萨芬234254" username="sdfher水田如雅">     </mailserver></mailserver></mailserver></mailserver></mailservers>   </mailservergroup>

接着，我们来写相应的处理类，这里我们由内向外来写：

首先是最内层的mailServer:

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/// <summary>    /// Class MailServerElement：用于映射mailServer节点，这里是实际存储数据的地方；    /// </summary>    /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:51:57</remarks>    public sealed class MailServerElement : ConfigurationElement  //配置文件中的配置元素    {          /// <summary>        /// Gets or sets the client.        /// </summary>        /// <value>The client.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:40</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("client", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]  //client是必须的key属性，有点儿主键的意思，例如，如果定义多个client相同的节点，循环读取的话就只读取到最后一个值        public string Client        {            get            {                return this["client"] as string;            }            set            {                this["client"] = value;            }          }        /// <summary>        /// Gets or sets the address.        /// </summary>        /// <value>The address.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:38</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("address")]        public string Address        {            get            {                return this["address"] as string;            }            set            {                this["address"] = value;            }          }        /// <summary>        /// Gets or sets the name of the user.        /// </summary>        /// <value>The name of the user.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:35</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("userName")]        public string UserName        {              get            {                return this["userName"] as string;            }            set            {                this["userName"] = value;            }          }        /// <summary>        /// Gets or sets the password.        /// </summary>        /// <value>The password.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:33</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("password")]        public string Password        {              get            {                return this["password"] as string;            }            set            {                this["password"] = value;            }          }          }

接着是mailServers,它是一个mailServer的集合：

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/// <summary>    /// Class MailServerCollection:映射mailServers节点，为一个集合类，另外还包含了很多对节点的操作方法，大部分继承自ConfigurationElementCollection    /// </summary>    /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:52:00</remarks>    public sealed class MailServerCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection    {        /// <summary>        /// 获取 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElementCollection"> 的类型。        /// </see></summary>        /// <value>The type of the collection.</value>        /// <returns>此集合的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElementCollectionType">。</see></returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:08</remarks>        public override ConfigurationElementCollectionType CollectionType        {            get            {                return ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap;            }                  }            /// <summary>        /// 当在派生的类中重写时，创建一个新的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。        /// </see></summary>        /// <returns>新的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。</see></returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:03</remarks>        protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()        {            return new MailServerElement();        }          /// <summary>        /// 在派生类中重写时获取指定配置元素的元素键。        /// </summary>        ///<param name="element">要为其返回键的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。        /// <returns>一个 <see cref="T:System.Object">，用作指定 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement"> 的键。</see></see></returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:04:51</remarks>        protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)        {            return (element as MailServerElement).Client;        }          /// <summary>        /// 获取在派生的类中重写时用于标识配置文件中此元素集合的名称。        /// </summary>        /// <value>The name of the element.</value>        /// <returns>集合的名称；否则为空字符串。默认值为空字符串。</returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 23:41:40</remarks>        protected override string ElementName        {            get            {                return "mailServer";            }        }            /// <summary>        /// 获取集合中的元素数。        /// </summary>        /// <value>The count.</value>        /// <returns>集合中的元素数。</returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:08:24</remarks>        public new int Count        {            get { return base.Count; }        }          /// <summary>        /// 获取或设置此配置元素的属性、特性或子元素。        /// </summary>        ///<param name="index">The index.        /// <returns>MailServerElement.</returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch</remarks>        public MailServerElement this[int index]        {              get { return BaseGet(index) as MailServerElement; }            set            {                if (BaseGet(index) != null)                {                    BaseRemoveAt(index);                }                BaseAdd(index, value);            }          }          /// <summary>        /// 获取或设置此配置元素的属性、特性或子元素。        /// </summary>        ///<param name="Name">The name.        /// <returns>MailServerElement.</returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch</remarks>        new public MailServerElement this[string Name]        {            get { return BaseGet(Name) as MailServerElement; }        }          /// <summary>        /// Indexes the of.        /// </summary>        ///<param name="element">The element.        /// <returns>System.Int32.</returns>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:24:16</remarks>        public int IndexOf(MailServerElement element)        {              return BaseIndexOf(element);        }          /// <summary>        /// Adds the specified element.        /// </summary>        ///<param name="element">The element.        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:26:06</remarks>        public void Add(MailServerElement element)        {            BaseAdd(element);        }          /// <summary>        /// Removes the specified element.        /// </summary>        ///<param name="element">The element.        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:27:01</remarks>        public void Remove(MailServerElement element)        {            if (BaseIndexOf(element) > 0)            {                BaseRemove(element.Client);            }        }          /// <summary>        /// Removes at.        /// </summary>        ///<param name="index">The index.        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:33:29</remarks>        public void RemoveAt(int index)        {            BaseRemoveAt(index);        }          /// <summary>        /// Removes the specified client.        /// </summary>        ///<param name="client">The client.        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:34:04</remarks>        public void Remove(string client)        {            BaseRemove(client);        }          /// <summary>        /// Clears this instance.        /// </summary>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:34:29</remarks>        public void Clear()        {            BaseClear();        }    }</see>

最后是最外层的group:

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/// <summary>    /// Class MailServerSection 为入口：    /// </summary>    /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:41:02</remarks>    public class MailServerSection : ConfigurationSection   //继承配置文件中节    {        /// <summary>        /// Gets the provider.：映射mailServerGroup节点的provider        /// </summary>        /// <value>The provider.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:59</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("provider", IsKey = true)]        public string provider { get { return this["provider"] as string; } }          /// <summary>        /// Gets or sets the mail servers.：映射新添加的节点mailServers节点；这个节点下还包含了若干个mailServer节点，因此它是一个集合类        /// </summary>        /// <value>The mail servers.</value>        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:56</remarks>        [ConfigurationProperty("mailServers", IsDefaultCollection = false)]        public MailServerCollection MailServers        {            get            {                return this["mailServers"] as MailServerCollection;            }            set            {                this["mailServers"] = value;            }          }    }

同样，关联处理类和节点：

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之后做个测试：

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class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             Test();           }           /// <summary>         /// Tests this instance.：读取节点值示例         /// </summary>         /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 23:04:53</remarks>         private static void Test() {               MailServerSection mailSection = (MailServerSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("mailServerGroup");             Console.WriteLine("MailServerSection 的provider属性值："+mailSection.provider);             foreach (MailServerElement config in mailSection.MailServers)             {                 Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");                 Console.WriteLine("client值为："+config.Client);                 Console.WriteLine("address值为："+config.Address);                 Console.WriteLine("username值为："+config.UserName);                 Console.WriteLine("password值为："+config.Password);                 Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");             }               Console.ReadKey();           }       }

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