Python--编码转换

 # -*- coding:gbk -*-
 # 即使设置文件编码为gbk，下方定义的字符串s1依旧为unicode

 # 获取默认编码格式
 import sys
 print(sys.getdefaultencoding())
 # >>> utf-8

 # 编码转换
 # --------------python 2----------------
 # utf-8  -->   decode  -->  unicode
 # unicode --> encode --> gbk

 s = "你好"
 # 无decode方法，由于python3默认unicode, utf-8为原本的字符集，传给decode识别
 s_unicode = s.decode("utf-8")
 # gbk为目标字符集，指定给encode进行转换
 s_gbk = s_unicode.encode("gbk")

 # 示例
 s1 = "大家好"
 s1_to_utf8 = s1.encode("utf-8")
 print(s1_to_utf8) # >>> b'\xe5\xa4\xa7\xe5\xae\xb6\xe5\xa5\xbd'
 s1_to_gbk = s1_to_utf8.decode("utf-8").encode("gbk")
 s1_to_gb2312 = s1_to_utf8.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
 s1_to_gb2312_chinese = s1_to_gb2312.decode("gb2312")
 # decode转换为unicode后可以输出中文，所以证明默认为unicode
 print(s1_to_gb2312_chinese) # >>> 大家好
 print(s1_to_gb2312) # >>> b'\xb4\xf3\xbc\xd2\xba\xc3'
 print(s1_to_gbk) # >>> b'\xb4\xf3\xbc\xd2\xba\xc3'
 print(s1) # >>> 大家好