nginx实现动态/静态文件缓存（week4_day1

nginx实现静态文件缓存实战

1.nginx静态文件缓存

如果要熟练使用nginx来实现文件的缓存，那下面的几个指令你必须要牢记于心

指令1：proxy_cache_path

作用：设置缓存数据的相关信息

    Syntax:     proxy_cache_path path [levels=levels] [use_temp_path=on|off] keys_zone=name:size [inactive=time] [max_size=size] [manager_files=number] [manager_sleep=time] [manager_threshold=time] [loader_files=number] [loader_sleep=time] [loader_threshold=time] [purger=on|off] [purger_files=number] [purger_sleep=time] [purger_threshold=time];

    Default:     —

    Context:     http

    值：

        path：缓存目录的位置

        levels：指定使用几级缓存目录

        keys_zone：指定缓存区域的名称和缓存空间的大小

    例子：

        proxy_cache_path /data/nginx/cache levels=: keys_zone=mycache:10m;

    说明

        ：表示一级目录可以由1个字符来构成

        ：表示二级目录可以由4个字符来构成

        mycache：是这个缓存区域的名称

        10m：可以缓存10M大小的数据

    缓存结果

        /data/nginx/cache/c/29ad/b7f54b2df7773722d382f4809d65029c

    说明

        /data/nginx/cache/：这里是缓存目录

        c：因为一级目录可以由1个字符构成，所有这里随机出现一个c

        29ad：二级目录由4个随机字符构成

        b7f54b2df7773722d382f4809d65029c：缓存的数据

指令2：proxy_cache

    作用：调用缓存

    Syntax:     proxy_cache zone | off;

    Default:     proxy_cache off;

    Context:     http, server, location

    注意：      该指令写在不同的位置，缓存数据对象也不同

指令3：proxy_cache_min_uses

作用：指定一个文件至少需要被用户访问多少次以后，才会被缓存，默认1

    Syntax:     proxy_cache_min_uses number;

    Default:     proxy_cache_min_uses ;

    Context:     http, server, location

指令4：proxy_cache_purge

Syntax:     proxy_cache_purge string ...;

    Default:     —

    Context:     http, server, location

    使用场景：上游服务器中的资源发生了更改，但是缓存中的数据尚未过去，这个时候就需要手动执行purge让缓存中的数据过去

    使用举例：

        http {

            proxy_cache_path /data/nginx/cache levels=: keys_zone=mycache:10m;

            server {

                listen 10.220.5.196:;

                location / {

                    proxy_pass http://10.220.5.180:80:

                    proxy_cache mycache;

                    ....

                    ....

                }

                location = /cleanCache {

                    allow=

                    deny=

                    proxy_cache_purge mycache;  #这里需要指定上面定义的缓存名称

                    ...

                    ...

                    ...

                }

            }

        }

指令5：proxy_cache_valid

    作用：定义缓存数据的有效期

    Syntax:     proxy_cache_valid [code ...] time;

    Default:     —

    Context:     http, server, location

    例子：

        proxy_cache_valid   10m;

        proxy_cache_valid       1h;

        proxy_cache_valid any      1m;

指令6：proxy_cache_key

作用：指定缓存的key的名称

    Syntax:     proxy_cache_key string;

    Default:     proxy_cache_key $scheme$proxy_host$request_uri;

    Context:     http, server, location

    例子：

        proxy_cache_key "$host$request_uri $cookie_user";

        proxy_cache_key "$uri"

2.nginx实现缓存配置

1.环境准备

centos7.5

NGINX服务器端IP:172.20.10.8/28

HTTPD服务器端IP:172.20.10.7/28

HTTPD服务器端IP:172.20.10.9/28

客户端IP:172.20.10.4/28

2.nginx服务器端

使用yum下载nginx需要使用网络yum源，复制下面的代码到你的yum仓库即可下载

[ken]

name=ken

enabled=

gpgcheck=

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7Server/x86_64/

下载nginx

[root@ken ~]# yum install nginx -y

配置nginx文件

# For more information on configuration, see:

#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;

worker_processes auto;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {

    worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

 access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;

    tcp_nopush          on;

    tcp_nodelay         on;

    keepalive_timeout   65;

    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.

    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

    # for more information.

    #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

proxy_cache_path /ken levels=1:2 keys_zone=kenken:100m;

add_header host $server_addr;

add_header cachestatus $upstream_cache_status;   #添加本条可以在浏览器中看到是否命中缓存

    server {

        listen       80 default_server;

 listen       [::]:80 default_server;

        server_name  _;

        root         /var/www/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.

        # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {

        proxy_pass http://172.20.10.7:80;

        proxy_set_header host $host;

        proxy_set_header realip $remote_addr;

        proxy_cache kenken;

        proxy_cache_min_uses 3;

        proxy_cache_valid any 10m;

        }

    }

}

创建缓存目录

[root@ken ~]# mkdir /ken

更改缓存目录的属主和属组

[root@ken ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /ken

启动nignx

[root@ken ~]# systemctl start nginx

[root@ken ~]# ss -tnl | grep

LISTEN                     *:                       *:*

LISTEN                    :::                      :::*

3.配置web服务端

下载httpd

[root@ken ~]# yum install httpd -y

准备测试文件

[root@ken ~]# echo "this is 172.20.10.7 for test">>/var/www/html/index.html

启动httpd

[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart httpd

4.浏览器测试

输入nginx服务器端的IP地址

输入172.20.10.8的地址成功访问172.20.10.7的页面

查看web服务器端的访问日志

[root@ken ~]# tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log

172.20.10.8 - - [/Oct/::: +] "GET / HTTP/1.0"   "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.92 Safari/537.36"

成功捕捉到来自172.20.10.8的访问请求

我们去查看nginx服务端是否已经有缓存产生

[root@ken /]# ls /ken/e//58be92261b4ffa2c4fe7e92be2f0255e

测试成功！

在nginx服务器端已经产生了缓存，再次刷新浏览器界面，在web服务器端都不会再产生访问日志，因为现在客户请求是直接从缓存提取的，没有再往后方节点来访问文件，这样可以大大提高网站的负载和并发能力。

nginx实现动态文件缓存实战

在完成了上面的静态文件缓存之后，相信动态文件的缓存对你来说也是轻而易举了，下面我们一鼓作气完成对动态文件的缓存吧。

1.环境准备

centos7.5

NGINX服务器端IP:172.20.10.8/28

WEB服务器端IP:172.20.10.9/28

2.配置nginx服务器端

下载php

[root@ken ~]# yum install php php-fpm -y

配置nginx文件

# For more information on configuration, see:

#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;

worker_processes auto;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {

    worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

 access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;

    tcp_nopush          on;

    tcp_nodelay         on;

    keepalive_timeout   65;

    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.

    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

    # for more information.

    #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

fastcgi_cache_path /kenken levels=1:2 keys_zone=kenken:100m;

add_header host $server_addr;

add_header cachestatus $upstream_cache_status;

    server {

        listen       80 default_server;

 listen       [::]:80 default_server;

        server_name  _;

        root         /var/www/html;

        index index.php;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.

        # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location ~^/.*(\.php)$ {

        fastcgi_pass 172.20.10.9:9000;

        fastcgi_index index.php;

        include fastcgi.conf;

        fastcgi_cache kenken;

        fastcgi_cache_valid any 10m;

        fastcgi_cache_key $request_uri;

        }

}

}

创建缓存目录，并修改权限

[root@ken ~]# mkdir /kenken

[root@ken ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /kenken

nginx语法检测

[root@ken ~]# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx

[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart nginx

3.配置web服务器端

下载所需服务程序

[root@ken ~]# yum install httpd php-fpm php -y

配置php-fpm

[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

...

  ;   '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.

  ; Note: This value is mandatory.

  listen = 172.20.10.9:9000   #修改为本机ip地址

  ; Set listen() backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.

  ; Default Value: -

  ;listen.backlog = -

  ; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.

  ; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original

  ; PHP FCGI (5.2.+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address

  ; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be

  ; accepted from any ip address.

  ; Default Value: any

  listen.allowed_clients = 172.20.10.8  #修改为nginx服务端地址

...

启动php-fpm

[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm

[root@ken ~]# ss -tnl

State       Recv-Q Send-Q               Local Address:Port                              Peer Address:Port

LISTEN                                172.20.10.9:                                         *:*

准备动态测试文件

[root@ken ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@ken html]# ls

index.html

[root@ken html]# vim index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

重启nginx

[root@ken ~]# systemctl restart nginx

浏览器输入nginx服务端ip地址进行测试

访问成功，刷新几次查看nginx是否已经产生缓存

[root@ken ~]# ls /kenken/

/ b/ e/

[root@ken ~]# ls /kenken/b/fe/c86156f7dcfecf44876ca30d1bac7feb

动态文件缓存成功！