原文链接：https://blog.liuzijian.com/post/209e68d0-a418-1737-503a-d47e6d2d9350.html

1.GraalVM

GraalVM (https://www.graalvm.org/) 是一个高性能的JDK，旨在加速用Java和其他JVM语言编写的应用程序的执行，同时还提供JavaScript，python和许多其他流行语言的运行时。

GraalVM提供了两种运行Java应用程序的方式：

  1. 在hotspot jvm上使用graal即时编译器(JIT)
  2. 作为预先编译的本机可执行文件运行

GraalVM的多语言能力使得在单个应用程序中混合多种编程语言成为可能，同时消除了外部语言的调用成本。

2.Windows平台安装和配置GraalVM

Windows平台环境安装和配置比较复杂

2.1 安装Visual Studio

Visual Studio（特别是其中的 Visual C++ 工具）在 Windows 系统上提供了 C/C++ 编译器和相关工具链，它们是用来编译和链接本地代码的。当使用 GraalVM 在 Windows 上构建本地可执行文件时，需要依赖 Visual Studio 提供的这些编译工具来完成编译和链接的过程。

安装界面，勾选使用C++的桌面开发

等待安装完成后，测试x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022

以管理员身份测试打开x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022

2.2 Windows安装GraalVM并配置

打开社区版GraalVM下载的GitHub页面

https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases

以22.3.3版Java17为例，找到22.3.3版本，分别下载Windows平台的GraalVM graalvm-ce-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.zip和调用底层工具的原生镜像支持工具native-image-installable-svm-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.jar

下载地址:

  • graalvm-ce-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.zip

https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.3/graalvm-ce-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.zip

  • native-image-installable-svm-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.jar

https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.3/native-image-installable-svm-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.jar

设置环境变量

将GraalVM压缩包解压到F:\graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.3，然后设置环境变量JAVA_HOME为F:\graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.3，设置环境变量PATH新增%JAVA_HOME%/bin

检查环境变量生效

java -version

安装native-image

在jar包目录打开cmd窗口，输入命令，完成安装

gu install --file ./native-image-installable-svm-java17-windows-amd64-22.3.3.jar

输入命令，测试是否安装成功

native-image

至此，Windows平台GraalVM和支持将应用打包成本地镜像的工具安装配置完成。

2.3 新建简单项目测试编译打包

打开IDEA，新建项目springboot3，JDK选择安装的graalvm-ce-java17，然后先编写一段非常简单的Java代码，然后将其编译为原生.exe可执行文件

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.printf("hello graalvm!");

    }

}

用Maven将项目打包为jar包

打开x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022工具，使用底层能力运行native-image工具，将class编译为.exe。

以管理员身份打开x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022，并CD切换到jar包所在target目录，然后执行命令

-cp 编译

-o 目标.exe文件名称

native-image -cp ./springboot3-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar org.example.Main -o springboot3

编译完成，生成Windows平台的.exe可执行文件

打开CMD，执行exe文件，输出代码运行结果，和Java虚拟机解释执行结果相同

2.4 新建SpringBoot3项目测试编译打包

首先要在Windows下配置三个环境变量，每个人环境和位置不同，需要自己按照自己的实际情况新增或修改。

1.path

path环境变量新增以下路径

F:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\bin\Hostx64\x64

2.lib

新建lib环境变量，并将以下路径配置进去，之间用英文分号;间隔，以下位置目录均为VS创建

F:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\lib\x64

F:\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x64

F:\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\x64

3.INCLUDE(大写)

新建INCLUDE环境变量，并将以下路径配置进去，之间用英文分号;间隔，以下位置目录均为VS创建

F:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\include

F:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\shared

F:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt

F:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\um

F:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\winrt

! ! !环境变量配置好后，一定要重新打开CMD窗口编译打包，使用Intellij IDEA的，一定也要重启IDEA。

接下来，编写一个简单的SpringBoot应用，并编译打包为原生.exe文件

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

        <version>3.0.6</version>

    </parent>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>

    <artifactId>springboot3</artifactId>

    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>

        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>

        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>

                <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

org.example.controller.TestController

package org.example.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("test")

public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("hello")

    public String hello(String s) {

        return "hello " + s;

    }

}

org.example.Main

package org.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(Main.class);

    }

}

application.yml

server:

  port: 8081

接下来先用普通的编译命令将代码编译为.class文件。

然后，执行spring-boot的process-aot插件，进行编译前的前置处理。

前置处理完成后，target目录下生成了一些AOT编译相关的文件，用于指定主类的位置等

最后，运行native插件的build启动native-image，调用VS工具链将工程编译为二进制.exe文件

开始编译后等待编译完成

我的IDEA输出：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ----------------------< org.example:springboot3 >-----------------------

[INFO] Building springboot3 1.0-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- native-maven-plugin:0.9.21:build (default-cli) @ springboot3 ---

[WARNING] 'native:build' goal is deprecated. Use 'native:compile-no-fork' instead.

[INFO] Found GraalVM installation from JAVA_HOME variable.

[INFO] Executing: F:\graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.3\bin\native-image.cmd @target\tmp\native-image-3043011469918092793.args

========================================================================================================================

GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'springboot3' (executable)...

========================================================================================================================

[1/7] Initializing...                                                                                   (21.0s @ 0.17GB)

 Version info: 'GraalVM 22.3.3 Java 17 CE'

 Java version info: '17.0.8+7-jvmci-22.3-b22'

 C compiler: cl.exe (microsoft, x64, 19.41.34123)

 Garbage collector: Serial GC

 1 user-specific feature(s)

 - org.springframework.aot.nativex.feature.PreComputeFieldFeature

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSpiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSlf4jProviderPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jSpiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jApiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.core.NativeDetector#imageCode set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinReflectPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService#jsr354Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator#imageCode set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#romePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver#jstlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment#jndiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystemProperties#JBOSS_LOGGING_PRESENT set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils#jsfPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder#jsfPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter#reactiveStreamsPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#reactorPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#rxjava3Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#kotlinCoroutinesPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#mutinyPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#romePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.format.WebConversionService#JSR_354_PRESENT set to false at build time

SLF4J: No SLF4J providers were found.

SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation

SLF4J: See https://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#noProviders for further details.

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ReactiveTypeHandler#isContextPropagationPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContext#jstlPresent set to false at build time

[2/7] Performing analysis...  [**********]                                                              (98.5s @ 1.27GB)

  15,315 (92.75%) of 16,513 classes reachable

  24,931 (67.59%) of 36,886 fields reachable

  73,546 (62.21%) of 118,224 methods reachable

     802 classes,   244 fields, and 4,549 methods registered for reflection

      83 classes,    78 fields, and    68 methods registered for JNI access

       5 native libraries: crypt32, ncrypt, psapi, version, winhttp

[3/7] Building universe...                                                                               (9.2s @ 1.48GB)

[4/7] Parsing methods...      [**]                                                                       (3.0s @ 1.71GB)

[5/7] Inlining methods...     [***]                                                                      (2.1s @ 1.75GB)

[6/7] Compiling methods...    [*********]                                                               (92.6s @ 1.80GB)

[7/7] Creating image...                                                                                (162.3s @ 1.29GB)

  34.44MB (52.32%) for code area:    48,187 compilation units

  30.94MB (47.01%) for image heap:  354,772 objects and 118 resources

 445.88KB ( 0.66%) for other data

  65.81MB in total

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Top 10 packages in code area:                               Top 10 object types in image heap:

   1.64MB sun.security.ssl                                     7.33MB byte[] for code metadata

   1.05MB java.util                                            3.64MB java.lang.Class

 835.67KB java.lang.invoke                                     3.41MB java.lang.String

 725.04KB com.sun.crypto.provider                              2.87MB byte[] for general heap data

 560.78KB org.apache.catalina.core                             2.83MB byte[] for java.lang.String

 527.20KB org.apache.tomcat.util.net                           1.29MB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion

 495.45KB org.apache.coyote.http2                            880.07KB byte[] for reflection metadata

 477.20KB java.lang                                          775.15KB byte[] for embedded resources

 470.10KB c.s.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers  664.68KB java.lang.String[]

 467.89KB java.util.concurrent                               621.94KB java.util.HashMap$Node

  26.94MB for 621 more packages                                5.69MB for 3067 more object types

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                      134.1s (26.7% of total time) in 116 GCs | Peak RSS: 2.60GB | CPU load: 3.09

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Produced artifacts:

 C:\Users\LiuZijian\IdeaProjects\springboot3\target\springboot3.build_artifacts.txt (txt)

 C:\Users\LiuZijian\IdeaProjects\springboot3\target\springboot3.exe (executable)

========================================================================================================================

Finished generating 'springboot3' in 8m 20s.

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  08:30 min

[INFO] Finished at: 2024-11-14T23:22:01+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0

编译完成，得到.exe文件

运行编译成的.exe文件并测试

.exe文件很快启动，并可以正常处理http请求，虽然命令窗口打印存在问题，但是接口是能调通的，文章写到这已经很晚了，故这个问题先留着后续有空解决...

3.linux平台安装和配置GraalVM

Linux平台安装和配置GraalVM，我使用Ubuntu22进行测试

3.1 安装Linux编译工具链

编译native-image，需要安装Linux下的编译环境

sudo apt-get install build-essential libz-dev zlib1g-dev

! tips: 如果是redhat系列linux，可能需要这样安装

sudo yum install -y gcc glibc glibc-devel zlib-devel

3.2 Linux下载安装GraalVM

接下来，和Windows系统一样，下载GraalVM和native-image的Linux x64版本，我在这里还是选择和Windows一样的22.3.3版本。

下载地址仍然是 https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases

  • graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.tar.gz

https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.3/graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.tar.gz

  • native-image-installable-svm-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.jar

https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.3/native-image-installable-svm-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.jar

将下载好的两个文件移动到/opt目录下，解压graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.tar.gz到路径/opt并设置环境变量

解压到/opt

tar -zxvf ./graalvm-ce-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.tar.gz

打开/etc/profile设置环境变量

vim /etc/profile

将下面两句放在文件最末尾

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.3

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

刷新，使环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

返回/opt目录，安装native-image.jar原生镜像打包工具包，命令和Windows之前安装的命令完全相同

cd /opt

gu install --file ./native-image-installable-svm-java17-linux-amd64-22.3.3.jar

验证JAVA_HOME变量是否生效，native-image.jar是否正确安装

java -version

native-image

3.3 编译打包SpringBoot项目

首先需要安装Linux环境的maven，并设置好环境变量，然后将工程源码拷贝到/opt目录下，然后依次执行maven命令。

先用普通的编译命令将代码编译为.class文件

mvn run compile

然后，执行spring-boot的process-aot插件，进行编译前的前置处理

mvn spring-boot:process-aot

开始编译，运行native插件的build启动native-image，调用Linux底层工具链将工程编译为Linux平台的二进制文件

mvn  native:build

终端输出

root@lzj-virtual-machine:/opt/springboot3# mvn  native:build

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ----------------------< org.example:springboot3 >-----------------------

[INFO] Building springboot3 1.0-SNAPSHOT

[INFO]   from pom.xml

[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- native:0.9.21:build (default-cli) @ springboot3 ---

[WARNING] 'native:build' goal is deprecated. Use 'native:compile-no-fork' instead.

[INFO] Found GraalVM installation from JAVA_HOME variable.

[INFO] Executing: /opt/graalvm-ce-java17-22.3.3/bin/native-image -cp /opt/springboot3/target/classes:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/3.0.6/spring-boot-starter-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.4.7/logback-classic-1.4.7.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.7/slf4j-api-2.0.7.jar:/root/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-observation/1.10.6/micrometer-observation-1.10.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/6.0.8/spring-expression-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.4.7/logback-core-1.4.7.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/6.0.8/spring-webmvc-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/3.0.6/spring-boot-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/3.0.6/spring-boot-starter-logging-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/3.0.6/spring-boot-starter-json-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.14.2/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/6.0.8/spring-aop-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/2.1.1/jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/10.1.8/tomcat-embed-websocket-10.1.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/6.0.8/spring-context-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/2.0.7/jul-to-slf4j-2.0.7.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.14.2/jackson-databind-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.14.2/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/3.0.6/spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/10.1.8/tomcat-embed-el-10.1.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-commons/1.10.6/micrometer-commons-1.10.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.19.0/log4j-api-2.19.0.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/6.0.8/spring-web-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.14.2/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.19.0/log4j-to-slf4j-2.19.0.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/10.1.8/tomcat-embed-core-10.1.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/6.0.8/spring-core-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.14.2/jackson-annotations-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.33/snakeyaml-1.33.jar:/root/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.14.2/jackson-core-2.14.2.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/3.0.6/spring-boot-starter-web-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/3.0.6/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-3.0.6.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/6.0.8/spring-jcl-6.0.8.jar:/root/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/6.0.8/spring-beans-6.0.8.jar --no-fallback -H:Path=/opt/springboot3/target -H:Name=springboot3

========================================================================================================================

GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'springboot3' (executable)...

========================================================================================================================

[1/7] Initializing...                                                                                   (38.9s @ 0.18GB)

 Version info: 'GraalVM 22.3.3 Java 17 CE'

 Java version info: '17.0.8+7-jvmci-22.3-b22'

 C compiler: gcc (linux, x86_64, 11.4.0)

 Garbage collector: Serial GC

 1 user-specific feature(s)

 - org.springframework.aot.nativex.feature.PreComputeFieldFeature

Field org.springframework.core.NativeDetector#imageCode set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSpiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#log4jSlf4jProviderPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jSpiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.apache.commons.logging.LogAdapter#slf4jApiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.KotlinDetector#kotlinReflectPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator#imageCode set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService#jsr354Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver#jstlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#romePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem$Factory#PRESENT set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment#jndiPresent set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils#jsfPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder#jsfPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystemProperties#JBOSS_LOGGING_PRESENT set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter#reactiveStreamsPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#romePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jaxb2Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2Present set to true at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2XmlPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2SmilePresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jackson2CborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#gsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#jsonbPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationCborPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationJsonPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate#kotlinSerializationProtobufPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#reactorPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#rxjava3Present set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#kotlinCoroutinesPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry#mutinyPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.format.WebConversionService#JSR_354_PRESENT set to false at build time

SLF4J: No SLF4J providers were found.

SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation

SLF4J: See https://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#noProviders for further details.

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ReactiveTypeHandler#isContextPropagationPresent set to false at build time

Field org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContext#jstlPresent set to false at build time

[2/7] Performing analysis...  [*********]                                                              (450.4s @ 2.25GB)

  15,331 (92.43%) of 16,586 classes reachable

  24,926 (67.58%) of 36,883 fields reachable

  73,471 (62.05%) of 118,406 methods reachable

     784 classes,   246 fields, and 4,536 methods registered for reflection

      64 classes,    70 fields, and    55 methods registered for JNI access

       4 native libraries: dl, pthread, rt, z

[3/7] Building universe...                                                                              (71.4s @ 1.81GB)

[4/7] Parsing methods...      [*******]                                                                 (48.4s @ 1.67GB)

[5/7] Inlining methods...     [***]                                                                     (18.7s @ 2.49GB)

[6/7] Compiling methods...    [**********]                                                             (112.1s @ 2.00GB)

[7/7] Creating image...                                                                                 (53.6s @ 2.85GB)

  33.97MB (51.08%) for code area:    48,119 compilation units

  29.90MB (44.97%) for image heap:  353,714 objects and 118 resources

   2.63MB ( 3.96%) for other data

  66.50MB in total

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Top 10 packages in code area:                               Top 10 object types in image heap:

   1.63MB sun.security.ssl                                     7.29MB byte[] for code metadata

   1.04MB java.util                                            3.64MB java.lang.Class

 829.18KB java.lang.invoke                                     3.41MB java.lang.String

 717.16KB com.sun.crypto.provider                              2.86MB byte[] for general heap data

 558.99KB org.apache.catalina.core                             2.82MB byte[] for java.lang.String

 519.74KB org.apache.tomcat.util.net                           1.29MB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion

 491.53KB org.apache.coyote.http2                            878.75KB byte[] for reflection metadata

 476.53KB java.lang                                          775.14KB byte[] for embedded resources

 467.23KB c.s.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.traversers  664.31KB java.lang.String[]

 461.61KB sun.security.x509                                  619.31KB java.util.HashMap$Node

  26.53MB for 628 more packages                                5.45MB for 3069 more object types

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       189.1s (21.7% of total time) in 60 GCs | Peak RSS: 4.14GB | CPU load: 8.45

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Produced artifacts:

 /opt/springboot3/target/springboot3 (executable)

 /opt/springboot3/target/springboot3.build_artifacts.txt (txt)

========================================================================================================================

Finished generating 'springboot3' in 14m 28s.

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  14:40 min

[INFO] Finished at: 2024-11-16T00:59:34+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

编译打包完成

编译完成，得到Linux上的可执行文件

运行可执行文件，并打开浏览器访问测试，功能正常

至此，Linux平台上原生镜像编译就完成了。

4.注意事项

  1. 不是所有Java代码都支持原生编译打包，例如反射创建对象，反射调用方法，AOT会损失动态能力，如果编译需要额外处理，需要提前告知GraalVM未来会反射调用哪些方法或构造器，例如springboot就提供了一些注解，保证AOT编译时功能正常，但不是所有框架都像Spring那样适配了AOT。

  2. 配置文件不能放进可执行文件，也需要额外处理，程序代码可改为相对路径读取。

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