面试准备 - C# 版本的树状数组

树状数组 计算 任意连续N个值的和的时间复杂度为Log(n) 修改也是Log(n)

而普通数组修改是O(1) 计算和是O(n)

具体定义可以看这里：http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%A0%91%E7%8A%B6%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84

或者看这个Blog：http://dongxicheng.org/structure/binary_indexed_tree/

这东西刚刚好可以解决 编程之美里面的 1.7光影切割问题

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Clover.Algoritms.DataStructure
{
    public class TreeArray
    {
        private double[] items;

        private double[] data;
        public TreeArray(double[] data)
        {
            if (data == null || data.Length == )
                throw new ArgumentNullException("data");

            this.items = new double[data.Length];
            this.data = data;

            for (int i = ; i <= items.Length; i++)
            {
                int start = i - Lowbit(i);
                double sum = ;
                while (start < i)
                {
                    sum += data[start];
                    start++;
                }
                items[i - ] = sum;
            }
        }
        public double Sum(int k)
        {
            double ret = ;
            while (k > )
            {
                ret += items[k - ];
                k -= Lowbit(k);
            }
            return ret;
        }
        public void Update(int k, int value)
        {
            int x = k - ;
            var oldValue = this.data[x];
            this.data[x] = value;

            for (int i = x; i < items.Length; i += Lowbit(i + ))
            {

                items[i] = items[i] - oldValue + value;
            }
        }

        public static int Lowbit(int i)
        {
            return i & -i;
        }
    }
}