Linux系统挂载数据盘

参考：http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/5974154.html?spm=5176.788314850.3.2.hUqwXo

1、在阿里云上购买了服务器，又另外买了一块数据盘，这个时候就需要对数据盘进行分区和格式化。

2、使用ssh连接到云服务器，查看数据盘。

　　1）在没有分区和格式化数据盘之前，使用 “df –h”命令，是无法看到数据盘的，如下：

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  .4G   18G   % /
tmpfs           .9G       .9G   % /dev/shm
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

　　2）使用 “fdisk -l” 命令查看

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *                            Linux

Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

　　能够看到 Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes  这就是要分区和格式化的数据盘

　　3）友情提示：若您执行fdisk -l命令，发现没有 /dev/xvdb 表明您的云服务无数据盘，那么您无需进行挂载，此时该教程对您不适用

3、对数据盘进行分区

　　1）执行“fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb”命令，对数据盘进行分区；

　　2）根据提示，依次输入“n”，“p” ，“1”，两次回车，“wq”，分区就开始了，很快就会完成。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94d1a2b8.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

4、查看新的分区

　　使用“fdisk -l”命令可以看到，新的分区xvdb1已经建立完成了。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *                            Linux

Disk /dev/xvdb: 64.4 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x94d1a2b8

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1        8811    62910512   83  Linux
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

5、格式化新分区

　　以ext4为例：使用“mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1”命令对新分区进行格式化，格式化的时间根据硬盘大小有所不同。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41. (-May-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        , , , , , , , , ,
        , , 

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

6、添加分区信息

　　使用“echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab”（不含引号）命令写入新分区信息。

　　然后使用“cat /etc/fstab”命令查看，出现以下信息就表示写入成功。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# echo '/dev/xvdb1  /mnt ext4    defaults    0  0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug  ::
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(), findfs(), mount() and/or blkid() for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=,mode=
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults
/dev/xvdb1  /mnt ext4    defaults    0  0
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# 

7、挂载新分区

　　使用“mount -a”命令挂载新分区，然后用“df -h”命令查看，出现以下信息就说明挂载成功，可以开始使用新的分区了。

[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# mount -a
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  .5G   18G   % /
tmpfs           .9G       .9G   % /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1       60G  180M   56G   1% /mnt
[root@iZ94jj63a3sZ ~]#